An in vivo study of turbidity suppression by optical phase conjugation (TSOPC) on rabbit ear

Abstract

We present a holography-based in vivo optical phase conjugation experiment performed on a living rabbit ear. The motion of live tissues caused the phase conjugate signal to decay with a consistent decay time of less than two seconds. We monitor the signal decay time variation after the ear is excised to postulate different mechanisms that cause the signal decay. The experimental findings address the minimum speed limit of a broad range of optical time reversal experiments for in vivo applications on tissues.

Controlling waves in space and time for imaging and focusing in complex media

“…To enable wavefront control in living tissue, optimizations must be done on a millisecond timescale. Phase-conjugation experiments in vivo have provided a weak signal that persists for less than a second 115 . Several groups have recently demonstrated wavefront shaping and transmission matrix measurements [116][117][118] at optimization speeds 100 times faster than first-generation experiments 39 .…”

Optical phase conjugation (OPC)-assisted isotropic focusing

“…2). The DOPC technique is an established optoelectronic approach for the measure of an input light field and the play back of an optical phase conjugated light field [14,15,17]. In brief, we first focused light into a target medium through the first objective lens (OBJ1) of the pair (UPLFLN 100XO2, Olympus, oil immersion type, NA 1.3).…”

Effects of digital phase-conjugate light intensity on time-reversal imaging through animal tissue

“…Therefore, some technique to suppress scattering effects is necessary for practical applications of light in these fields. In recent years, a principle of scattering suppression using the time-reverse capability of phaseconjugate light has been proposed [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Various attempts based on this principle have been undertaken, such as the time-reversed ultrasonically encoded (TRUE) method [1,[4][5][6][7][8].…”