“…Some of these LMTs use motor parameters derived from offline motor testing, where the parameters are assumed to be fixed [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], and [28]. Others use look-up tables derived offline from a motor model [29], while still others try to estimate the parameters online and then use them to achieve minimum losses [30], [31], and [32]. Table 1 summarizes power loss (P loss ) models, each with its minimization variable (x), for most model-based LMTs presented here.…”