“…Resistance to change (Napitupulu et al, 2017;Otieno and Omwenga, 2015;Deakins et al, 2010;Ebrahim and Irani, 2005) Lack of suitable legal framework/ Dwivedi, 2009) Lack of financial resources (Napitupulu , et al, 2017;Deakins et al, 2010;Mberi et al, 2017;Ebrahim and Irani, 2005) Lack of clear vision and strategy (Kigwana et al, 2017;Hatsu and Ngassam 2016) Lack of ICT skills/ professional staff (Ahmed, 2013 ;Bhuiyan, 2010;Gagnon et al, 2010) Lack of coordination among organisations (Napitupulu , et al, 2017;Alkhilani, 2014;Gagnon et al, 2010) Complex or poor organisational structure (Verkijika and Wet, 2016;Al-Fakhri et al, 2008;Altameem et al, 2007) Insufficient support from the top management (Jadi and Jie, 2014;Bhuiyan, 2010;Lau et al, 2008;Altameem et al, 2007) Negative attitude towards technology (Elaswad and Jensen, 2016;Chalhoub, 2010) Lack of e-communications with all constituents for e-service delivery (Hatsu and Ngassam 2016;Fedorowicz et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2005) Security of confidential data Privacy of personal data (Elaswad and Jensen, 2016;Alenezi et al, 2013;Fedorowicz et al, 2010;Al-Fakhri et al, 2008;Basu, 2004) Use of outdated technology (Alenezi et al, 2013;Gagnon et al, 2010) Poor technological infrastructure (Elaswad and Jensen, 2016;…”