“…experimental error), what Magin and Kanapathipillai (2000) describe as "unexpected clashes" (p. 352). Others, however, present evidence that supports non-traditional (virtual, remote) labs (NTL) as potentially sufficient replacements for TL (Cameron, 2003;Corter, Esche, Chassapis, Ma, & Nickerson, 2011;Lang, 2012;Myneni, Narayanan, Rebello, Rouinfar, & Pumtambekar, 2013;Pyatt & Sims, 2007;Zacharia & Olympiou, 2011). With NTL, students have multiple opportunities to access resources and a greater amount of time to complete specific laboratory activities, thus allowing repetition and modification, thereby fostering deeper learning (Charuk, 2010).…”