An investigation into the source and spread of foot and mouth disease virus from a wildlife conservancy in Zimbabwe

Hargreaves, S K; Foggin, Chris; Anderson, E. C.; Bastos, Armanda D.S.; Thomson, G.R.; Ferris, N.P.; Knowles, Nick J.

doi:10.20506/rst.23.3.1519

Cited by 60 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The situation seems to be different within the impala population in the Kruger National Park in South Africa, where clinical FMD has been reported, and subclinical infections have been shown to occur much more regularly than previously suspected [19]. It is hypothesized that during the acute state of the disease some species may act as intermediaries in the transmission of FMD, mainly between buffalos and cattle [6,18,19]. The current findings concur with reports of very low seroprevalence of antibodies against FMDV in non-buffalo wildlife species (4.4%) compared to buffalos (67.7%) in Eastern Africa [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They act as long term maintenance hosts for the SAT serotypes (SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3) of FMDV with no obvious clinical disease [4,16]. Other cloven-hoofed wildlife species may develop antibodies against FMD infections; however, their roles in excretion, transmission and persistence of FMDV either have not been conclusively studied or have been shown to be less important than the role of the buffalos [7,17,18]. In South Africa, the impala ( Aepyceros melampus ) has been shown to play a potentially significant role in the propagation of FMD outbreaks between livestock and wildlife [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of African buffalos (syncerus caffer) in the maintenance of foot-and-mouth disease in Uganda

et al. 2010

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BackgroundTo study the role of African buffalos (Syncerus caffer) in the maintenance of foot-and-mouth disease in Uganda, serum samples were collected from 207 African buffalos, 21 impalas (Aepyceros melampus), 1 giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis), 1 common eland (Taurotragus oryx), 7 hartebeests (Alcelaphus buselaphus) and 5 waterbucks (Kobus ellipsiprymnus) from four major National Parks in Uganda between 2005 and 2008. Serum samples were screened to detect antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) non-structural proteins (NSP) using the Ceditest® FMDV NS ELISA. Solid Phase Blocking ELISAs (SPBE) were used to determine the serotype-specificity of antibodies against the seven serotypes of FMDV among the positive samples. Virus isolation and sequencing were undertaken to identify circulating viruses and determine relatedness between them.ResultsAmong the buffalo samples tested, 85% (95% CI = 80-90%) were positive for antibodies against FMDV non-structural proteins while one hartebeest sample out of seven (14.3%; 95% CI = -11.6-40.2%) was the only positive from 35 other wildlife samples from a variety of different species. In the buffalo, high serotype-specific antibody titres (≥ 80) were found against serotypes O (7/27 samples), SAT 1 (23/29 samples), SAT 2 (18/32 samples) and SAT 3 (16/30 samples). Among the samples titrated for antibodies against the four serotypes O, SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3, 17/22 (77%; CI = 59.4-94.6%) had high titres against at least two serotypes.FMDV isolates of serotypes SAT 1 (1 sample) and SAT 2 (2 samples) were obtained from buffalo probang samples collected in Queen Elizabeth National Park (QENP) in 2007. Sequence analysis and comparison of VP1 coding sequences showed that the SAT 1 isolate belonged to topotype IV while the SAT 2 isolates belonged to different lineages within the East African topotype X.ConclusionsConsistent detection of high antibody titres in buffalos supports the view that African buffalos play an important role in the maintenance of FMDV infection within National Parks in Uganda. Both SAT 1 and SAT 2 viruses were isolated, and serological data indicate that it is also likely that FMDV serotypes O and SAT 3 may be present in the buffalo population. Detailed studies should be undertaken to define further the role of wildlife in the epidemiology of FMDV in East Africa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of African buffalos (syncerus caffer) in the maintenance of foot-and-mouth disease in Uganda

et al. 2010

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“…and wildebeest (Connochaetes gnou), is very low, suggesting that they are spill-over hosts rather than maintenance populations (Anderson et al, 1993) (Figure 2.2D). Impala have also been implicated as intermediate hosts between buffalo and cattle (Bastos et al, 2000;Hargreaves et al, 2004;Vosloo et al, 2006). Impala have also been implicated as intermediate hosts between buffalo and cattle (Bastos et al, 2000;Hargreaves et al, 2004;Vosloo et al, 2006).…”

Section: Maintenance Of Fmd In Different Reservoir Populations In Submentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, clear experimental evidence for FMDV transmission from artificially infected buffalo to livestock has been elusive. Although there are few experimental reports of buffalo-to-cattle transmission, epidemiological field data and phylogenetic evidence in southern Africa demonstrates that transmission from buffalo to FMD-free cattle does occur (Bastos et al, 2000;Hargreaves et al, 2004;Thomson et al, 2003;Vosloo et al, 2009). A further four studies reported absence of infection in cattle despite protracted contact with persistently infected buffalo Gainaru et al, 1986;Condy & Hedger, 1974;Anderson et al, 1979).…”

Section: Opportunities For Buffalo-to-livestock Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Distribution in Africa

Casey¹,

Lembo²,

Knowles³

et al. 2014

The Role of Animals in Emerging Viral Diseases

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“…While southern African countries have focused on the risk posed by buffalo, the contribution of buffalo to FMD outbreaks in livestock in other parts of Africa remains unclear and the role of other wild ungulate species is still debated (Hargreaves et al 2004; Kock et al, in press). It is hoped that activities identified within the PCP-FMD will allow more complete evaluation of the risks associated with wildlife, providing opportunities for risk-based approaches that are more environmentally nuanced and allow for the development of disease control pathways that address widespread concerns about the impact of FMD control on wildlife conservation (FAO-OIE 2012; Kock et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussion: Key Actions For An Integrated Approach To Fmd Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Potential for the Environmentally Sustainable Control of Foot and Mouth Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2013

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Strategies to control transboundary diseases have in the past generated unintended negative consequences for both the environment and local human populations. Integrating perspectives from across disciplines, including livestock, veterinary and conservation sectors, is necessary for identifying disease control strategies that optimise environmental goods and services at the wildlife-livestock interface. Prompted by the recent development of a global strategy for the control and elimination of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), this paper seeks insight into the consequences of, and rational options for potential FMD control measures in relation to environmental, conservation and human poverty considerations in Africa. We suggest a more environmentally nuanced process of FMD control that safe-guards the integrity of wild populations and the ecosystem dynamics on which human livelihoods depend while simultaneously improving socio-economic conditions of rural people. In particular, we outline five major issues that need to be considered: 1) improved understanding of the different FMD viral strains and how they circulate between domestic and wildlife populations; 2) an appreciation for the economic value of wildlife for many African countries whose presence might preclude the country from ever achieving an FMD-free status; 3) exploring ways in which livestock production can be improved without compromising wildlife such as implementing commodity-based trading schemes; 4) introducing a participatory approach involving local farmers and the national veterinary services in the control of FMD; and 5) finally the possibility that transfrontier conservation might offer new hope of integrating decision-making at the wildlife-livestock interface.

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An investigation into the source and spread of foot and mouth disease virus from a wildlife conservancy in Zimbabwe

Cited by 60 publications

References 15 publications

The role of African buffalos (syncerus caffer) in the maintenance of foot-and-mouth disease in Uganda

The role of African buffalos (syncerus caffer) in the maintenance of foot-and-mouth disease in Uganda

Patterns of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Distribution in Africa

Evaluating the Potential for the Environmentally Sustainable Control of Foot and Mouth Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa

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