An investigation of the bacterial contamination of small animal breathing systems during routine use

Pelligand, Ludovic; Hammond, Richard; Rycroft, Andrew N.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2006.00320.x

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A incidência da infecção hospitalar não está bem estabelecida em Medicina Veterinária principalmente devido à falta de Comissões de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar (Braga 2008, Santos et al 2012, mas os fatores que contribuem para sua ocorrência em humanos também estão se tornando mais comuns nos animais, devido ao aumento da quantidade e qualidade de cuidados intensivos realizados, ao uso de dispositivos intravasculares e sondas vesicais, aumento do tempo de hospitalização, uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos, realização de cirurgias com colocação de implantes e uso de drogas imunossupressoras (Johnson 2002, Nicholson et al 2002, Sanchez et al 2002, Eugster et al 2004, Ogeer-Gyles et al 2006, Marsh-ng et al 2007, Pelligand et al 2007, Weese 2012. O paciente cirúrgico durante os períodos pré, trans e pós-operatório está sujeito à realização de vários procedimentos invasivos além da cirurgia propriamente dita, que podem favorecer a ocorrên-cia de infecção hospitalar, repercutindo negativamente em sua recuperação, inclusive podendo causar óbito (Lacerda 1992, Johnson 2002, Greene & Dearmin 2006, Santos et al 2012.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Estudo da ocorrência de infecção hospitalar em cães e gatos em um centro cirúrgico veterinário universitário

et al. 2013

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Pesq. Vet. Bras. 33(6) Hospital or nosocomial infections are infections acquired during patient hospitalization, and that can be related to surgical and invasive procedures performed during the hospital admission. The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of nosocomial infection in animals treated at a Veterinary Surgical Center of Small Animals, submitted to surgical or invasive procedures, to discuss the possible causes of infection, to detect the bacteria present when possible, and to verify the antimicrobial sensitivity of these agents. The study was developed through daily monitoring of 131 animals admitted in this surgical center and doing active surveillance of cases of nosocomial infection. In 104 animals (91 dogs and 13 cats), 113 surgical procedures were performed, and in 27 animals were performed non-surgical procedures such monitoring of delivery and postpartum, urethral catheterization and placement of splints. All animals were submitted to catheter placement for fluid therapy and application of medications and/or anesthetic at some point during hospitalization. The rate of surgical site infection was 7.96%, and by categories was 4.54% in clean surgeries, 4.25% in clean-contaminated surgeries, 10.53% in contaminated surgeries, and 16% in infected surgeries. The rate of non-surgical nosocomial infection in surgical patients was 2.88% and in the non-surgical patient was 3.7%. Bacteria were cultured as follows: Pseudomonas sp. (3), Streptococcus sp. (2), Acinetobacter sp. (1) and Gram negative bacilli (1), and high bacterial multidrug resistance were observed in all isolates. The duration of surgery and pre and postoperative time of hospitalization did not affect the occurrence of nosocomial infection, but factors that probably contributed to the occurrence of infections in this study were the severity of the condition responsible for the treatment, the kind of procedure performed and the severity of lesions.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Estudo da ocorrência de infecção hospitalar em cães e gatos em um centro cirúrgico veterinário universitário

et al. 2013

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“…Samples with 10–50 CFU were defined as moderately contaminated, and those with >50 CFU as severely contaminated. In a veterinary study evaluating the contamination of breathing systems used during anesthesia, only very low numbers of bacteria, <10 CFU per sampling site, could be found, and the amount did not increase over the two-month study period [ 59 ]. A human study reported similar results in anesthesia systems, with an average of 1–9 CFU detected at every sampling site [ 60 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Contamination of Inhalation Chambers Used for Cats and Dogs with Chronic Airway Diseases

et al. 2023

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Inhalation chambers (ICs) are regularly used in veterinary medicine for the inhalative treatment of chronic respiratory diseases in dogs and cats. Since therapy is usually required lifelong and daily, devices are frequently in use. The aim of this study was to identify bacterial contamination of ICs used for cats and dogs in relation to the applied cleaning measures. Swabs from ICs of 66 cats and 19 dogs with chronic airway diseases were obtained using a standardized protocol and subsequently cultured. A questionnaire was completed by the pet owners regarding the history of their pet’s illness and applied device cleaning measures. Overall, 64% (54/86) of the ICs were found to be contaminated; the mask was significantly (p < 0.001) more often contaminated than other device parts. Most cultured bacteria were environmental contaminants; however, some harbored pathogenic potential. Cleaning frequency and method did not significantly influence the presence of contamination. Bacterial contamination of ICs, used for cats and dogs, is common but is not significantly influenced by the type or frequency of cleaning. To avoid potential infection by opportunistic bacteria, the instruction of pet owners regarding the maintenance of the ICs is recommended.

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“…Given the above considerations and the findings in this study, there is clearly a need for a simplified and practically applicable cleaning protocol that is non‐time‐consuming and also does not damage precision corneal contact equipment such as goniolenses. In a study examining bacterial contamination of small animal anesthetic breathing systems, a rapid loss of viability of microorganisms inoculated on a dry surface was found. This paper also suggested the key was a dry environment with lack of a biofilm or adherent organic material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into the bacterial contamination of goniolenses in use in clinical practice

Grundon

Scurrell²,

Mould³

et al. 2017

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Objectives To report the incidence and evaluate the clinical significance of goniolens bacterial contamination in clinical use in dogs with three different usage protocols and one with an added cleaning protocol. Animals Studied and Methods Three groups of twenty dogs undergoing gonioscopy at a private practice in the UK had the goniolenses swabbed for bacteriology culture and identification prior to placement on the cornea. Three protocols of lens use, with 2 different types of goniolens, were studied. One protocol was then repeated with 21 dogs with a lens cleaning protocol prior to storage. Results Low levels of bacterial contamination were found in all 3 initial groups (10-15%). No correlation was found between usage protocol used and rate of contamination and no correlation was found between length of storage between use and contamination. All bacteria cultured were considered naturally occurring commensals for the canine eye and environment. The group with a cleaning protocol had a 4.7% contamination rate. This was not statistically different from the non-cleaning groups. Conclusions The rate of bacterial contamination of goniolenses in clinical practice is low and the bacterial contaminants consist of commensal bacteria, unlikely to be of detriment to the eye. Minimal contamination of the goniolenses was found and this did not appear to be of clinical significance. The introduction of a simple cleaning protocol did not produce a statistically significant reduction in bacterial contamination.

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An investigation of the bacterial contamination of small animal breathing systems during routine use

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Estudo da ocorrência de infecção hospitalar em cães e gatos em um centro cirúrgico veterinário universitário

Estudo da ocorrência de infecção hospitalar em cães e gatos em um centro cirúrgico veterinário universitário

Bacterial Contamination of Inhalation Chambers Used for Cats and Dogs with Chronic Airway Diseases

An investigation into the bacterial contamination of goniolenses in use in clinical practice

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