An Investigation of Waxes Isolated From Heavy Oils Produced From Northwest Asphalt Ridge Tar Sands

Branthaver, Jan F.; Thomas, Kenneth P.; Dorrence, S.M.; Heppner, Richard A.; Ryan, Michael J.

doi:10.1080/07377268308915312

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…FTIR transmission spectra were obtained of all the waxes. The peak at 720 cm -1 has long been associated with long straight chain methylene, , but no one has reported a Beer's Law constant or determined percent straight chain methylene. Few researchers have examined this peak because it is often obscured by solvent or by window opaqueness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data varied considerably, and only an average molecular weight was recorded. Some listed average molecular weights between 250 and 500 amu, ,, or between 500 and 800 amu, ,, or even higher, between 814 and 1078 amu…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wax has been characterized previously by some researchers. Branthaver and Holmes characterized wax from tar sand bitumens. , Branthaver found H/C ratios of 1.9, sulfur contents of 0.07 wt %, and nitrogen contents of 0.18−0.38 wt % for waxlike substances. The melting point was between 91 and 96 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Characterization of Wax Isolated from a Variety of Crude Oils

1998

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Petroleum waxes from sixteen different crude oils were analyzed after isolation from the crude in a two-step process. These waxes were characterized molecularly to aid in the investigation of the effect of wax type and quantity on water-in-crude oil emulsion stability. The techniques used to gather information about the waxes included elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, field desorption mass spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, 13C NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry. Two distinctly different types of petroleum waxes were discerned, microcrystalline and paraffinic. Microcrystalline waxes are aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds containing a substantial amount of branches and rings. They have large molecular weight ranges from 300 to 2500 amu and are gel-like in appearance. The rings give rise to a decreased H/C ratio relative to paraffinic waxes, often as low as 1.85. Because of the large number of different compounds and the lack of large-scale crystallinity, a distinct melting regime is not observed. FTIR spectroscopy determined that these waxes contained approximately 55% straight chain methylene, that is, methylene groups directly attached to each other. Five waxes exhibited these characteristics and thus were considered typical microcrystalline waxes. Paraffin waxes are hydrocarbon chains with few or no branches and H/C ratios between 1.96 and 2.05. They have distinct melting regions and narrow molecular weight ranges between 350 and 600 amu. They contained 63−78% straight chain methylene as gauged by FTIR spectroscopy. Six of the remaining eleven waxes exhibited all the characteristics of this paraffin category while the other five were mixtures of microcrystalline and paraffinic wax.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Characterization of Wax Isolated from a Variety of Crude Oils

1998

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“…In most cases, the isolation of waxes from crude oil was carried out using acetone by various modifications of the Burger method (Burger et al 1981), when the waxes were isolated from maltenes (Branthaver et al 1983;Elsharkawy et al 2000;Fazeelat 2006; Alcazar-Vara and Buenrostro-Gonzalez 2011) or saturates (Yang and Kilpatrick 2005;Lu et al 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the asphaltenes are isolated from oils first; waxes are isolated from deasphalted oil. In other words, the waxes are isolated from the oil system from which the asphaltenes have been removed beforehand [from maltenes (Branthaver et al 1983;Elsharkawy et al 2000;Fazeelat 2006;Alcazar-Vara and Buenrostro-Gonzalez 2011) or saturates (Yang and Kilpatrick 2005;Lu et al 2008)]. However, the traditional methods used to isolate asphaltenes by adding 40 volumes in excess of low boiling point paraffin hydrocarbons can produce a fraction which is contaminated with a significant amount of waxes (Chouparova and Philp 1998;Thanh et al 1999;Liao et al 2006;Acevedo et al 2009;Coto et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waxes in asphaltenes of crude oils and wax deposits

2016

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Composition and molecular mass distribution of n-alkanes in asphaltenes of crude oils of different ages and in wax deposits formed in the borehole equipment were studied. In asphaltenes, n-alkanes from C 12 to C 60 were detected. The high molecular weight paraffins in asphaltenes would form a crystalline phase with a melting point of 80-90°C. The peculiarities of the redistribution of high molecular paraffin hydrocarbons between oil and the corresponding wax deposit were detected. In the oils, the high molecular weight paraffinic hydrocarbons C 50 -C 60 were found, which were not practically detected in the corresponding wax deposits.

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Isolation and f.i.m.s. analysis of saturated hydrocarbons from tar sand bitumens

Holmes

Raska

1986

Fuel

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An Investigation of Waxes Isolated From Heavy Oils Produced From Northwest Asphalt Ridge Tar Sands

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Molecular Characterization of Wax Isolated from a Variety of Crude Oils

Molecular Characterization of Wax Isolated from a Variety of Crude Oils

Waxes in asphaltenes of crude oils and wax deposits

Isolation and f.i.m.s. analysis of saturated hydrocarbons from tar sand bitumens

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