“…The great advantages of this method are as follows: it is simple to implement and has been confirmed to yield high-quality solutions for flow shop problems [52]. The IG has been extensively employed for the last ten years in the scheduling research, especially in the (permutation or hybrid) flow shop problem, for example, Pan and Ruiz [53], Msakni et al [54], Dubois-Lacoste et al [55], and Pan et al [56]. In this study, we propose an IG algorithm with four different local search methods, i.e., four versions of IG, coded as IGLS1, IGLS2, IGLS3, and IGLS4.…”