An optimal purchase and sale power model considering microgrids

Abstract

SUMMARYAn essential part of the smart grid development is to connect the main transmission grid with microgrids that consist of distributed generation resources. The integration of microgrids and the transmission grid not only can improve the reliability of the power system operation but also can increase the competition of the electricity market. The effective trading between microgrid agents and a distribution company (DisCo) is consistent with the direction of smart grid development. Developing effective strategy to optimally schedule energy trading between microgrid agents and the DisCo will bring benefits to all parties and promote further development of distributed clean energy. By analyzing the operation characteristics of the electricity market with the addition of microgrid agents as new market participants, this paper presents a bi-level optimization model that aims to maximize the benefits of microgrid agents and a DisCo while considering transmission loss factors from various generators, duality role of the microgrid agents who can either buy electricity from the wholesale market at volatile prices or sell electricity into the market or to its local consumers. The model presented in this paper jointly optimizes the energy schedules of the microgrid agents and the DisCo and determines the bid/offer price at which the microgrid agent buys and sells electricity from/to the DisCo. At last, simulation results are provided to demonstrate the feasibility and application of the proposed twolevel optimization model.

An efficient two stage stochastic optimal energy and reserve management in a microgrid

“…Moreover, these methods wait for measured data to know the energy and reserve status of DERs and have not commented on estimating them from the planning horizon. Load management [8][9][10] and grid trade [11] are some of the extra options used for energy management. Refs.…”

Voltage behaviour in radial distribution systems under the uncertainties of photovoltaic systems and electric vehicle charging loads

“…Numerous researchers have assessed the technical impacts of electric vehicles (EVs) on radial distribution systems (RDSs) . In a parallel way, other researchers have investigated the technical impacts of PV systems on RDSs . The assessment of technical impact of PV systems and EVs has recently emerged in literature .…”

“…Consequently, probabilistic techniques are the key to a more accurate assessment of the combined impact of uncertainties regarding RDS output variables. Of these techniques, the ones that are most frequently used are the following: probabilistic load flow methods based on Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), analytical techniques, and approximation methods …”

A study on optimal power sharing in interconnected microgrids under uncertainty

“…The stochastic analysis of network variables is done considering optimization constraints and explained as probability distribution function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF). Authors in [16] analyzes operational characteristics of power market under the new environment with the participation of MGs. The results confirm that the optimal power sharing between MGs and main grid can decrease the operating cost of the smart distribution networks.…”

“…In [14], a stochastic operation model is presented for a MG consisting of non-dispatchable and dispatchable suppliers, energy storage system, controllable and uncontrollable loads. Authors in [16] analyzes operational characteristics of power market under the new environment with the participation of MGs. Balancing of demand-supply in MGs by using power electronic devices as controlled generators with locally monitoring of frequency and voltage is studied in [15].…”