“…Some popular and new methods are particle swarm optimization (PSO) [65], [66], ant colony optimization (ACO) [67], bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) [68]- [70], teaching-learning based optimizer (TLBO) [71], gray wolf optimizer (GWO) [45], [72], moth-flame optimization (MFO) [73]- [75], moth search algorithm (MSA) [76], grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) [77]- [79], whale optimization algorithm (WOA) [27], [80]- [82], fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA) [83]- [85] and Harris hawks optimizer (HHO) [86]. Owing to its strong global optimization capability, these MAs have applied in many scenarios, including medical diagnosis, machine learning, engineering design, energy management, job scheduling, and pharmaceutical industry [87]- [98]. As a new member of MAs, SCA has a simple structure and can be implemented easily.…”