The
role of ultrasound in medicine and biological sciences is expanding
rapidly beyond its use in conventional diagnostic imaging. Numerous
studies have reported the effects of ultrasound on cellular and tissue
physiology. Advances in instrumentation and electronics have enabled
successful in vivo applications of therapeutic ultrasound.
Despite path breaking advances in understanding the biophysical and
biological mechanisms at both microscopic and macroscopic scales,
there remain substantial gaps. With the progression of research in
this area, it is important to take stock of the current understanding
of the field and to highlight important areas for future work. We
present herein key developments in the biological applications of
ultrasound especially in the context of nanoparticle delivery, drug
delivery, and regenerative medicine. We conclude with a brief perspective
on the current promise, limitations, and future directions for interfacing
ultrasound technology with biological systems, which could provide
guidance for future investigations in this interdisciplinary area.