An Outlook on Chlorogenic Acids—Occurrence, Chemistry, Technology, and Biological Activities

Abstract

Phenolics are widespread dietary antioxidants. Among these, chlorogenic acids (CGAs) received considerable attention for their wide distribution and part of human diet with potential biological effects. CGAs (71 compounds), being esters of derivatives of cinnamic acids with quinic acid are widely distributed in plant materials. Coffee is among the highest found in plants, ranging from 4 to 14%. Besides, these are reported in plant foods such as apples, pears, carrot, tomato, sweet potato, Phyllostachys edulis, oilseeds, Prunus domestica L, cherries, and eggplant. The traditional Chinese medicinal plants such as flowers and buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb and the leaves of Eucommia ulmodies contained CGAs as bioactive compound. These play an important role in the formation of roasted coffee flavor and have a marked influence on coffee cup quality. CGAs are considered as main precursors of coffee flavor and pigments. Recent technological advancements in the separation and purification of CGAs such as molecular-imprinted polymer technique; microwave-assisted extraction; pH gradient counter current chromatography has also been described. The consumption of coffee correlated to several health benefits such as reducing the risk of human chronic diseases such as inflammation, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease owing to its antioxidant potential.

Advanced Glycation Endproducts form During Ovalbumin Digestion in the Presence of Fructose

“…We reasoned that better candidates to avoid intraluminal AGE formation by fructose would be known dietary compounds, especially those with poor absorption which get concentrated in the lumen. Chlorogenic acids are a family of esters formed between certain trans cinnamic acids and (−)-quinic acid and are major phenolics compounds in coffee, strawberries, pineapple, apple, sunflower, blueberries [37][38][39][40] . We and others have shown a potent effect of these compounds as glycation inhibitors in model systems under intracellular conditions [27,[41][42].…”

Lonicera japonica Thunb 金银花 (Jinyinhua, Honey Suckle)

“…78.2) are representative compounds. Among them, chlorogenic acid is received considerable attention for its part in the human diet with potential biological effects [5], and is used as a standard compound for evaluation of the quality of Jinyinhua and related pharmaceutical or natural health product containing the herb. According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, its content must be not less than …”

Avaliação da capacidade antioxidante de chá de erva-mate adicionado de casca seca de ameixa vermelha (Prunus sp.)

“…No entanto, esta matéria-prima tem despertado o interesse por apresentar uma grande diversidade de constituintes, incluindo minerais e vitaminas hidrossolúveis, além de vários fitoquímicos, particularmente os polifenois (ácidos fenólicos e flavonoides), alcaloides (metilxantinas, incluindo cafeína, teobromina e teofilina) e terpenos (carotenoides e saponinas) (HECK; DE MEJIA, 2007; UPADHYAY; MOHAN RAO, 2013). Vários estudos têm demonstrado que o consumo de extratos de erva-mate pode oferecer proteção contra os danos causados pelos radicais livres, e essa atividade antioxidante é atribuída principalmente aos polifenois (BASTOS et al, 2007;COLPO et al, 2016).…”