China's cottage industry is characterized by a complex interplay of resources, interpersonal relationships, and business performance. The study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the Chinese cottage industry by examining its evolution, the various challenges it faces, and its role within the broader context of Chinese society, economic development, and globalization. A cross-sectional survey design captured a snapshot of the current state of resource utilization and its impact on business performance in cottage industries across Guangdong, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu provinces in China. The results from this comprehensive methodological approach offer valuable insights into the limitations and capabilities of each resource type, adding nuance to existing theories like the social capital theory, stakeholder theory, and the Dynamic Capabilities View.