An overview on the preparation of rice husk biochar, factors affecting its properties, and its agriculture application

Karam, Daljit Singh; Nagabovanalli, Prakash; Rajoo, Keeren Sundara; Ishak, Che Fauziah; Abdu, Arifin; Rosli, Zamri; Muharam, Farrah Melissa; Zulperi, Dzarifah

doi:10.1016/j.jssas.2021.07.005

Cited by 72 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Biochar yield was 34.7% from rice husks, approximately in line with a previous study [36], and 40.6% from coconut shells. Biochar yield in this study was slightly higher than that of previous research [33,37,38]. Factors affecting the outcome of pyrolysis include the type of biomass, temperature, heating rate, pyrolysis duration, reactor type, and pretreatment [33].…”

Section: Carbonizationcontrasting

confidence: 65%

Types and Composition of Biomass in Biocoke Synthesis with the Coal Blending Method

Yustanti

Wardhono

Mursito³

et al. 2021

Energies

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The steelmaking industry requires coke as a reducing agent, as an energy source, and for its ability to hold slag in a blast furnace. Coking coal as raw coke material is very limited. Studying the use of biomass as a mixture of coking coal in the synthesis of biocoke is necessary to reduce greenhouse gas coal emissions. This research focuses on biomass and heating temperature through the coal blending method to produce biocoke with optimal mechanical properties for the blast-furnace standard. The heating temperature of biomass to biochar was evaluated at 400, 500, and 600 °C. The blending of coking coal with biochar was in the compositions of 95:5, 85:15, and 75:25 wt.%. A compacting force of 20 MPa was employed to produce biocoke that was 50 mm in diameter and 27 mm thick using a hot cylinder dye. The green sample was heated at 1100 °C for 4 h, followed by quenching with a water medium, resulting in dense samples. Increasing heating temperature is generally directly proportional to an increase in fixed carbon and calorific value. Biocoke that meets several blast-furnace criteria is a coal mixture with coconut-shell charcoal of 85:15 wt.%. Carbonization at 500 °C, yielding fixed carbon, calorific value, and compressive strength, was achieved at 89.02 ± 0.11%; 29.681 ± 0.46 MJ/kg, and 6.53 ± 0.4 MPa, respectively. This product meets several criteria for blast-furnace applications, with CRI 29.8 and CSR 55.1.

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Section: Carbonizationcontrasting

confidence: 65%

Types and Composition of Biomass in Biocoke Synthesis with the Coal Blending Method

Yustanti

Wardhono

Mursito³

et al. 2021

Energies

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“…Generally, choice of feedstock for AC production is informed by high carbon content, low inorganic matter, high density, and high content of volatile matter, ready availability, and low cost, low rate of degradation during storage, and high AC yield upon pyrolysis [173,178,195]. Studies on AC production from bioresources Agro-Industrial Waste Management: The Circular and Bioeconomic Perspective DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109181 include tomato waste [196], corn cob [197], corn stalk [198], groundnut shell [199], palm kernel shell [200,201], coconut shell [202,203], chestnut oak shell [204], peanut shell [147,[205][206][207][208], rice husk and straw [209,210], apple waste [211], grape stalk [212], coffee grounds [213], palm oil mill residue [214,215], oil palm empty fruit bunch [216,217], bio-waste mixtures [218], food waste [177], poultry litter [203,219,220], pig dung [203,221], dairy cattle carcass [222], cow dung [203,223], and chicken feather [224].…”

Section: Valorization Of Agro-industrial Residues Through Activated C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Agro-Industrial Waste Management: The Circular and Bioeconomic Perspective

Ogbu¹,

Okechukwu²

2023

Agricultural Waste - New Insights

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Traditional agricultural production is circular. Virtually no waste is produced. Residues are returned to soil as compost; used as bedding material in livestock husbandry (and returned to soil as compost) or as feed to produce animal protein and manure; utilized as construction materials; or fuel for domestic energy. Circular agricultural production ensures soil conservation, waste reduction, residues reuse, and recycling. The ever rising global population, and demand for food and agro-industrial products, necessitated a transition to linear agricultural production which generates enormous quantities of agricultural residues, agro-industrial, and food wastes. The economic losses, environmental degradation, and health hazards resulting from poor management of excess wastes, and their mitigation have been the subject of research and policy efforts at continental and regional levels. Current waste management models redirect attention to circular agricultural production and bioeconomic approaches aimed at waste reduction, reuse, and recycling. Such approaches view agricultural wastes as raw materials with economic benefits for the farmer, consumer, and investor in varied industrial enterprises (crop and animal production, animal and human health, food, beverage, neutraceutical, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and material industries). The present review attempts to collate information on global production, and possible valorization of recyclable agro-industrial residues and food wastes.

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“…The more Si-O functional groups formed, the larger the area (Battegazzore et al, 2014). Rice husk biochar contains 15-20% silica (Singh Karam et al, 2022). Excellent capability of sample in absorption can be achieved when the materials owned large functional groups content which provides more active sites, so it can easier absorb the absorbate into the surface (Nguyen-Phan et al, 2011).…”

Section: Oil Sorption Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural waste-based magnetic biochar produced via hydrothermal route for petroleum spills adsorption

Ariyanti

Widiasa

Widiyanti

et al. 2023

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

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Oil spills are one of the marine pollution events triggered by the results of tanker operations (air ballast), ship repairs and maintenance (docking), mid-ocean loading and unloading terminals, air bilge (drainage of water, oil, and engine-processed lubricants), ship scrapping, and the most common accidents/collisions of tankers. The impacts vary from the death of marine organisms, especially fish, changes in reproduction and behavior of organisms, plankton contamination, fish migration, as well as ecosystem damage, and economic loss. Bio-based absorbents such as biochar can be an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical sorbents that works to adsorb oil spills faster. In this study, the effectiveness of magnetic biochar in oil spill removal was investigated. It also includes the synthesisation of magnetic biochar from agricultural waste (bagasse, rice husks, and sawdust) using the hydrothermal method at a temperature of 200°C. Hydrothermal carbonization is considered a cost-effective method for biochar production because the process can be carried out at low temperatures around 180°- 250°C. Biochar characterization was carried out with a Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) were used to analyse the surface area and pore size distribution. Based on the results of the SEM-EDX analysis, only biochar was made from rice husk and sugarcane bagasse which contained Fe elements, as a result of the FeCl3.6H2O reaction. This condition is also proven by the presence of the FeO on both samples based on FTIR. The three synthesized biochar are amorphous and categorized as mesopores due to pore size around 15 to 16 nm, which can absorb petroleum spills with a percentage of 81% for sugarcane bagasse-based biochar, 84% for rice husk-based biochar, and 70% for sawdust-based biochar. Biochar from rice husk has excellent adsorption effectiveness with an adsorption capacity of 0.21 g/g in 60 min due to its large functional group area and the excellent attachment of magnetic compound into the biochar surface to form magnetic biochar.

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An overview on the preparation of rice husk biochar, factors affecting its properties, and its agriculture application

Cited by 72 publications

References 123 publications

Types and Composition of Biomass in Biocoke Synthesis with the Coal Blending Method

Types and Composition of Biomass in Biocoke Synthesis with the Coal Blending Method

Agro-Industrial Waste Management: The Circular and Bioeconomic Perspective

Agricultural waste-based magnetic biochar produced via hydrothermal route for petroleum spills adsorption

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