An ultrastructural study of maize leaf etioplasts throughout their entire life-cycle

Rascio, Nicoletta; Mariani, Paola; Chitano, Pasquale; Vecchia, Francesca Dalla

doi:10.1007/bf01276591

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The occurrence of large plastoglobuli (Fig. 5A) in the plastids is characteristic for incipient senescence (Thomas and Stoddart 1980, Greening et al 1982, Dahlin and Ryberg 1986, Rascio et al 1986, 1988). Well‐differentiated stoma complexes were detected with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy (data not shown) of the surface of the outermost leaves indicating that these leaves are fully developed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amount of Pchl pigments, the ratio of the different spectral forms and plastid differentiation strongly depends on the age and developmental stage of the cells (Robertson and Laetsch 1974, Lancer et al 1976, Whatley 1979, Rascio et al 1986, Schoefs et al 1994). In addition to the Pchlide forms described in leaves, 628 and 636 nm‐emitting forms were described in non‐leaf organs: in roots, epicotyls and hypocotyls of dark‐germinated seedlings and in stems of a number of dark‐forced shoots (McEwen et al 1991, Böddi et al 1994, 1998, McEwen et al 1994, Skribanek et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plastid differentiation and chlorophyll biosynthesis in different leaf layers of white cabbage (Brassica oleracea cv. capitata)

Solymosi

Martinez

Kristóf

et al. 2004

Physiologia Plantarum

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The contents of protochlorophyllide, protochlorophyll and chlorophyll together with the native arrangements of the pigments and the plastid ultrastructure were studied in different leaf layers of white cabbage (Brassica oleracea cv. capitata) using absorption, 77 K fluorescence spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The developmental stage of the leaves was determined using the differentiation of the stoma complexes as seen by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The pigment content showed a gradual decrease from the outer leaf layer towards the central leaves. The innermost leaves were in a primordial stage in many aspects; they were large but had typical proplastids with few simple inner membranes, and contained protochlorophyllide and its esters in a 2 : 1 ratio and no chlorophyll. Short-wavelength, not flash-photoactive protochlorophyllide and/or protochlorophyll forms emitting at 629 and 636 nm were dominant in the innermost leaves. These leaves also had small amounts of the 644 and 654 nm emitting, flashphotoactive protochlorophyllide forms. Rarely prolamellar bodies were observed in this layer. The outermost leaves had the usual characteristics of fully developed green leaves. The intermediary layers contained chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b besides the protochlorophyll(ide) pigments and had various intermediary developmental stages. Spectroscopically two types of intermediary leaves could be distinguished: one with only a 680 nm emitting chlorophyll a form and a second with bands at 685, 695 and 730 nm, corresponding to chlorophyllprotein complexes of green leaves. In these leaves, a large variety of chloroplasts were found. The data of this work show that etioplasts, etio-chloroplasts or chloro-etioplasts as well as etiolated leaves do exist in the nature and not only under laboratory conditions. The specificity of cabbage leaves compared with those of dark-grown seedlings is the retained primordial or intermediary developmental stage of leaves in the inner layers for very long (even for a few month) period. This opens new developmental routes leading to formation of specially developed plastids in the various cabbage leaf layers. The study of these plastids provided new information for a better understanding of the plastid differentiation and the greening process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastid differentiation and chlorophyll biosynthesis in different leaf layers of white cabbage (Brassica oleracea cv. capitata)

Solymosi

Martinez

Kristóf

et al. 2004

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…In dark‐grown seedlings, proplastids develop into etioplasts with typical inner membrane structures, named prolamellar bodies (PLB) and prothylakoids (PT). The ultrastructure of these membranes is well known (Rascio et al. 1986, Wrischer et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal etioplast development in barley seedlings infected with BSMV by seed transmission

Harsányi

Böddi

Bóka

et al. 2002

Physiologia Plantarum

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The effect of barley stripe mosaic hordeivirus (BSMV) was studied on the ultrastructure of etioplasts, protochlorophyllide forms and the greening process of barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Pannónia) plants infected by seed transmission. The leaves of 7- to 11-day-old etiolated seedlings were examined by transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy. The etioplasts of infected seedlings contained smaller prolamellar bodies with less regular membrane structure, while prothylakoid content was higher than in the control. The protochlorophyllide content of virus-infected seedlings was reduced to 74% of the control. In the 77 K fluorescence spectra the relative amount of 655 nm emitting photoactive protochlorophyllide form decreased, and the amount of the 645 and 633 nm emitting forms increased in the infected leaves. A characteristic effect was observed in the process of the Shibata-shift: 40 min delay was observed in the infected leaves. The results of this work proved that BSMV infection delays or inhibits plastid development and the formation of photosynthetic apparatus.

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“…In the youngest cells there are PLBs with a tubular membrane network, which develops into 'hexagonal rings'. In a later stage they can be narrow or wide spaced and finally in old tissues still regular but loose membrane structures are formed (Robertson and Laetsch 1974;Rascio et al 1986).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue specific protochlorophyll(ide) forms in dark-forced shoots of grapevine (Vitis viniferaL.)

2004

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Cuttings of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay) were dark-forced at least three weeks. Pigment contents, 77 K fluorescence emission, excitation spectra of the leaves, petioles, stems, transmission electron micrographs of the etioplasts from leaves, the chlorenchyma tissues of the stems were analysed. The dark-grown leaves, stems contained 8 to 10, 3 to 5 mug/g fresh weight protochlorophyllide, its esters, respectively. HPLC analysis showed that the molar ratio of the unesterified, esterified pigments was 7:3 in the shoot developed in darkness. The dark-forced leaves contained carotenoids identified as: neoxanthin, violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, lutein, beta-carotene. Detailed analyses of the fluorescence spectra proved that all tissues of the dark-forced shoots had protochlorophyllide or protochlorophyll forms with emission maxima at 628, 636, 644, 655, 669 nm. The 628, 636 nm emitting forms were present in all parts of the dark-forced shoot, but dominated in the stems, which may indicate an organ specificity of the etioplast development. Variations in the distribution of the pigment forms were even found in the different tissues of the stem. The subepidermal layers were more abundant in the 655 nm form than the parenchyma cells of the inner part of the cortex, the pith. In the latter cells, the plastid differentiation stopped in intermediary stages between proplastids, etioplasts. The plastids in the subepidermal layers had developed prolamellar body structures, which were similar to those of etiolated leaves. The results highlight the importance of organ-, tissue specificity of plastid differentiation for chlorophyll biosynthesis, greening of different plant organs.

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An ultrastructural study of maize leaf etioplasts throughout their entire life-cycle

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Plastid differentiation and chlorophyll biosynthesis in different leaf layers of white cabbage (Brassica oleracea cv. capitata)

Plastid differentiation and chlorophyll biosynthesis in different leaf layers of white cabbage (Brassica oleracea cv. capitata)

Abnormal etioplast development in barley seedlings infected with BSMV by seed transmission

Tissue specific protochlorophyll(ide) forms in dark-forced shoots of grapevine (Vitis viniferaL.)

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