Anaesthesia of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) — Effect of pre-anaesthetic sedation, and importance of body weight, temperature and stress

Zahl, Inger Hilde; Kiessling, Anders; Samuelsen, Ole Bent; Hansen, Magne Kjerulf

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.06.019

Cited by 103 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…These routine procedures can generate various stressors that have the potential to affect the performance and welfare of the fish (Takahashi, Abreu, Biller, & Urbinati, 2006;Vidal et al, 2008;Weber, Peleteiro, Martín, & Aldegunde, 2009;Delbon & Paiva, 2012 physiological functions is, therefore, crucial in maintaining the welfare of the fish throughout the production process (Ueta, Suzuki, Sugimoto, Uchida, & Mashimo, 2007;Brandão, Gomes, Crescêncio, & Carvalho, 2008;Adamante, Nuñer, Barcellos, Soso, & Finco, 2008). The physiological responses of fish to stressors are generally classified as primary and secondary (Gonçalves, Santos, Fernandes, & Takahashi, 2008;Zahl, Kiessling, Samuelsen, & Hansen, 2009), and each of these is associated with alterations in specific hematological or biochemical parameters that may be employed as stress indicators (Barbosa, Moraes, & Inoue, 2007;Morgan & Iwama, 1997). Thus, increased blood cortisol concentration is an important primary response whereas elevation of glycemia and hematological alterations are typical of secondary responses (McDonald & Milligan, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and hematological responses of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) to different anesthetics during simulated transport conditions

Navarro¹,

Franca

Paludo

et al. 2016

Acta Sci. Technol.

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ABSTRACT. Minimization of stress during the transportation of live fish is essential in maintaining the welfare and performance of the animals. In order to test the hypothesis that stress during transport of fingerlings of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) can be reduced with the aid of the anesthetics menthol, eugenol or benzocaine, we have assessed the effects of these agents at various concentrations on the physiological parameters and survival rates of fish subjected to conditions simulating those normally used in transportation. , maintained levels of plasma cortisol and glucose that were lower than those of the stressed but untreated controls and within the physiological limits of the baseline values for this species. Under these conditions, the survival rate was 100%, suggesting that stress was substantially reduced despite dense consignment. Treatments involving higher doses of the studied agents induced significant anesthetic toxicity. , mantiveram níveis de cortisol no plasma e de glucose que foram menores do que os dos controles não tratados e estressados, mas dentro dos limites fisiológicos dos valores da linha de base para esta espécie. Sob estas condições, a taxa de sobrevivência foi de 100%, o que sugere que o estresse foi substancialmente reduzido, apesar da remessa densa. Os tratamentos que envolvem doses mais elevadas dos agentes estudados induzindo uma toxicidade anestésica mais significativa.Palavras-chave: mentol, bezocaína, eugenol, peixe.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and hematological responses of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) to different anesthetics during simulated transport conditions

Navarro¹,

Franca

Paludo

et al. 2016

Acta Sci. Technol.

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“…Therefore it is important to assess the extent of physiological changes of fish exposed to an anaesthetic (Inoue et al 2005;Park et al 2008). Results of the numerous studies on clove oil revealed that effective concentrations for anaesthesia vary with fish body size and water temperature (Oikawa et al 1994;Hoskonen and Pirhonen 2006;Mylonas et al 2005;Zahl et al 2009) with the smaller fish being more responsive than the larger one (Holloway et al 2004;Velisek et al 2005a,b). Velisek et al (2005b) studied the effect of clove oil on juvenile and brood stock of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) but there are no data for larger sizes of this species, in particularly for the final growing stages (200-300 g) where size grading prior to harvesting may be required.…”

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confidence: 99%

Size-relative Effectiveness of Clove Oil as an Anaesthetic for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) and Goldfish (Carassius auratus Linnaeus, 1758)

et al. 2010

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The purpose of this work was to investigate the size-relative effectiveness of clove oil as an anaesthetic for rainbow trout and goldfish. In total, 128 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (two groups of 20-23 and 30-33 cm mean fork length) and 160 goldfish (Carassius auratus) (four size groups of 1.5-2.5, 5-7, 11-15 and 20-25 cm) were anaesthetized at different clove oil concentrations of 50, 100, 150 mg·l -1 for trouts and 75, 100, 150 mg·l -1 for goldfish. Rainbow trout exhibited total loss of balance and no response to external stimuli with shorter induction time as dosage increased (120.5 s, 64.4 s and 44.3 s, respectively). Goldfish exhibited total loss of balance and no response to external stimuli after induction time that varied with dosage used and body size of fish. The small fish (1.5-7 cm) exhibited shorter induction time which ranged from 84.28 s at 75 mg·l -1 clove oil to 41.14 s at 150 mg·l -1 clove oil. The larger fish had a longer induction time inversely related to the dosage. Recovery time was longer than induction time in both species. Both species recovered within 6 min after anaesthesia at 150 mg·l -1 clove oil. Clove oil did not produce marked changes (P < 0.05) in the physiological indicators of goldfish compared to the control. However, marked changes (P < 0.05) were exhibited in the haematocrit of treated rainbow trout that also exhibited hyperkalaemia and hyperglycaemia (P > 0.05). For both fish species, clove oil was effective, producing minimum stress and zero mortalities, and can be recommended as an effective anaesthetic. Syzygium aromaticum, fish anaesthesia, animal welfare

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“…Zahl et al (2009) reported that after 5 min of exposure to benzocaine in Atlantic cod, induction and recovery times varied in relation to water temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Akbulut¹,

Çakmak²,

Özel³

et al. 2012

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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The aim of this study wasto determine the optimal dose and the time required to reach a stable level of anaesthesia using clove oil and benzocaine on Siberian sturgeon fry (Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869) with a mean length of 10.0±0.93 (7.2-12.0) cm and weight of 4.1±0.95 (2.1-6.4) g, and to compare the effects of them on feed intake after anaesthesia. In addition, the survival time and relationship between exposure duration and recovery time in 96 min with the optimal concentrations of these two anaesthetics were examined as part of the anaesthesia procedure. Effective concentrations (EC 50 ) were estimated to be 356 (330-381) mg/L of clove oil and 37 (33-40) mg/L of benzocaine for 3 minutes with 95% confidence limits. The recovery time with clove oil was longer than with benzocaine at 6, 12, 24 and 48 minutes (P<0.05). The mean lethal times (MLT 50 ) were estimated as 37.2 (5.1-69.3) min for clove oil and 63.0 (6.1-120.0) min for benzocaine with 95% confidence limits. Feed intake in fish treated with clove oil and benzocaine occurred within ten minutes, but the effect of both anaesthetics on feed intake continued for 4 h. However, it was determined that the effect of clove oil on feed intake was less than that of benzocaine.Keywords: Siberian sturgeon, Anaesthesia, clove oil, benzocaine, feed intake. Sibirya Mersini (Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869)'nde Benzokain ve Karanfil Yağı Kullanımının Yem Alımına Etkisi ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı, Sibirya mersin balıklarının (Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869) bayıltılması için en uygun karanfil yağı ve benzokainin dozlarını belirlemek, anesteziye maruz kalma süresinin ayılma süresine etkisini incelemek ve bu bayıltıcıların anesteziden sonra yem alımına etkilerini karşılaştırmaktır. Ayrıca, anestezi işleminin bir parçası olarak bu iki bayıltıcının en uygun konsantrasyonlarında 96 dakika içinde yaşama suresi ve anesteziye maruz kalma suresi ile ayılma suresi arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Çalışmada ortalama boyları 10,0±0,93 (7,2-12,0) cm ve ağırlıkları 4,1±0,95 (2,1-6,4) g olan yavru balıklar kullanılmıştır. Bu balıkların karanfil yağı ve benzokain ile 3 dakika içinde bayılmaları için etkili konsantrasyonlar (EC 50 ) %95 güven sınırları ile sırasıyla 356 (330-381) mg/L ve 37 (33-40) mg/L olarak tahmin edilmiştir. Karanfil yağı ile bayıltılan balıkların ayılma suresi 6, 12, 24 ve 48 dakikalarda benzokainden daha uzun olmuştur (P<0,05). Karanfil yağı ve benzokain için ortalama ölüm süresi %95 güven sınırları ile sırasıyla 37,2 (5,1-69,3) ve 63,0 (6,1-120,0) dakika olarak tahmin edilmiştir. Karanfil yağı ve benzokain ile bayıltılan balıklar 10 dakika içinde yem almaya başlamış, fakat her iki anestezinin de yem alımına etkisi dört saate kadar devam etmiştir. Ama karanfil yağının yem alımına etkisinin benzokainden daha az olduğu belirlenmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Sibirya mersini, bayıltma, karanfil yağı, benzokain, yem alımı.

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Anaesthesia of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) — Effect of pre-anaesthetic sedation, and importance of body weight, temperature and stress

Cited by 103 publications

References 41 publications

<b>Physiological and hematological responses of Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis Niloticus</i>) to different anesthetics during simulated transport conditions

<b>Physiological and hematological responses of Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis Niloticus</i>) to different anesthetics during simulated transport conditions

Size-relative Effectiveness of Clove Oil as an Anaesthetic for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) and Goldfish (Carassius auratus Linnaeus, 1758)

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