Anaesthesia with medetomidine, midazolam and ketamine in six gorillas after premedication with oral zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride

Wenger, Sandra; Hoby, Stefan; Wyss, F; Adami, Chiara; Wenker, Christian J.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2012.00761.x

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…These events were previously reported in tamarins administered 10 μg kg −1 dexmedetomidine IM . The doses of atipamezole are in accordance with reports in primates and other species, where the doses ranged from two to five times the dose of the α 2 ‐adrenergic agonist …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…4 The doses of atipamezole are in accordance with reports in primates and other species, where the doses ranged from two to five times the dose of the α 2 -adrenergic agonist. [7][8][9][10][11][12] Arterial blood pressure and heart rate decreased over time in all groups (with no significant difference) similar to other studies 1,4,[13][14][15] This is probably due to the effects of dexmedetomidine that has been shown to promote an initial increase in blood pressure combined with a marked decrease in heart rate and cardiac output. 9,16 Satisfactory anesthesia was observed in all groups up to the time of atipamezole administration.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

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Early reversal of ketamine/dexmedetomidine chemical immobilization by atipamezole in golden‐headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas)

Ferraro

Molina

Gris

et al. 2019

J of Medical Primatology

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One of the main advantages α 2 -adrenoreceptor agonists have over other sedatives is reversibility. The primary indication for the use of the antagonist drug atipamezole is the reversal of cardiovascular and sedative effects, which may result in shorter recovery time, feature especially attractive in the immobilization of wildlife species.The combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine, often used in non-human primates for chemical restraint and anesthesia, seems to provide satisfactory analgesia and muscle relaxation even at low dissociative doses with long duration of action in golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas). [1][2][3][4] The golden-headed lion tamarin was inadvertently introduced in one of the remaining areas of natural occupation of the golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia), an endangered species presenting Abstract Background: A smooth and rapid recovery from anesthesia allowing safe release is desirable, especially for wild species. This study describes the clinical effects of the combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine and the partial reversal with atipamezole in golden-headed lion tamarins.Methods: Dexmedetomidine 10 μg kg −1 and ketamine 15 mg kg −1 were administered to 45 golden-headed lion tamarins undergoing vasectomy. Following surgery, animals were assigned to three groups: control (SAL; 0.9% NaCl), atipamezole 20 μg kg −1 (ATI20), and atipamezole 40 μg kg −1 (ATI40). Results and Conclusions:All animals presented great scores of sedation and muscle relaxation during the procedure. Recovery in the control group was smooth and uneventful. Salivation, muscle tremors, and head movements were observed in ATI 20 and ATI40. The administration of atipamezole did not change total recovery times (ATI20 69 ± 23 minutes; ATI40 72 ± 45 minutes; SAL 57 ± 23 minutes). K E Y W O R D Sanesthesia, new world primates, primates, recovery, α-2 agonist

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Early reversal of ketamine/dexmedetomidine chemical immobilization by atipamezole in golden‐headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas)

Ferraro

Molina

Gris

et al. 2019

J of Medical Primatology

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“…Rapid reversal of potentially aggressive species may also pose a danger to handlers and personnel. The atipamezole doses used in the current study were also similar as reported for primate species 5,9,13–15 . High doses of atipamezole have been reported to result in side effects such as hyper‐salivation, diarrhoea and tremors 16,17 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…The atipamezole doses used in the current study were also similar as reported for primate species. 5,9,[13][14][15] High doses of atipamezole have been reported to result in side effects such as hyper-salivation, diarrhoea and tremors. 16,17 The heart rate of a fully conscious chimpanzee has previously been reported as 159-204 beats per minute.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective study on the immobilisation of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at UWEC, Uganda

Watuwa

Mbabazi

Sente

et al. 2023

Vet Record Case Reports

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The study used the records of 188 chimpanzees that were immobilised with medetomidine and ketamine for annual health checks from 1998 to 2020. The initial dose for each animal was estimated as 5 mg/kg ketamine plus 0.05 mg/kg medetomidine administered intramuscularly. When necessary, additional intramuscular top-ups of 5 mg/kg ketamine plus 0.05 mg/kg medetomidine were given. Monitoring started from the moment the animals were on the examination table until they were placed back in their enclosure. All animals were positioned in dorsal recumbency. Physiologic parameters including heart rate (beats per minute), respiration rate (breaths per minute), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO 2 , %) and rectal temperature ( • C) were measured. Atipamezole was administered at five times the dose of medetomidine. Time to first sign of sedation, time to recumbency, time from darting to reversal, time to first sign of recovery, time to head up and sternal, and time to standing were also measured.

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“…Various drugs which are not used by human beings are used in animals preoperatively [ Table 1 ]. [ 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 ] Behavioral, manual, and mechanical restraint methods are used in some animals before premedication. [ 23 ]…”

Section: Preoperative and Anesthetic Medicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anesthetizing animals: Similar to humans yet, peculiar?

Kurdi

Ramaswamy

2015

Anesth Essays Res

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From time immemorial, animals have served as models for humans. Like humans, animals too have to undergo several types of elective and emergency surgeries. Several anesthetic techniques and drugs used in humans are also used in animals. However, unlike humans, the animal kingdom includes a wide variety of species, breeds, and sizes. Different species have variable pharmacological responses, anatomy, temperament, behavior, and lifestyles. The anesthetic techniques and drugs have to suit different species and breeds. Nevertheless, there are several drugs and many peculiar anesthetic techniques used in animals but not in human beings. Keeping this in mind, literature was hand searched and electronically searched using the words “veterinary anesthesia,” “anesthetic drugs and techniques in animals” using Google search engine. The interesting information so collected is presented in this article which highlights some challenging and amazing aspects of anesthetizing animals including the preanesthetic assessment, preparation, premedication, monitoring, induction of general anesthesia, intubation, equipment, regional blocks, neuraxial block, and perioperative complications.

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Anaesthesia with medetomidine, midazolam and ketamine in six gorillas after premedication with oral zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Early reversal of ketamine/dexmedetomidine chemical immobilization by atipamezole in golden‐headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas)

Early reversal of ketamine/dexmedetomidine chemical immobilization by atipamezole in golden‐headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas)

A retrospective study on the immobilisation of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at UWEC, Uganda

Anesthetizing animals: Similar to humans yet, peculiar?

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