Análisis biostático de las tensiones actuantes en el dentario del oso andino (Tremarctos Ornatus) durante la mordedura

The ways in which the taxonomic differences in morphology, behavior or life history relate to each other have been used regularly to test ideas about the selective forces involved in their evolution. Canid species vary significantly in diet, hunting techniques, sociality and cranial morphology. The main goal of this study is to test and explore the possible correlation between bite force and brain volume in canids. For that, we calculated the bite force based on the beam theory, and the brain volume based on three cranial measurements. The species with biggest values of bite force quotient (BFQ) were Speothos venaticus (162.25), Cuon alpinus (129.24) and Lycaon pictus (124.41) due to several adaptations acquired along with hypercarnivory. Species with the highest values of brain volume quotient (BVQ) were S. venaticus, Cu. alpinus and L. pictus with, respectively, 141.35, 139.01 and 131.61, possibly due to the same adaptations that resulted in their bigger BFQ. The highest values of bite force belonged to Canis lupus (830.51 Pa), L. pictus (719.03 Pa) and Ca. rufus (530.52 Pa) and the smallest values belong to Urocyon littoralis (98.14 Pa), Vulpes macrotis (92.53 Pa) and V. zerda (72.6 Pa). Ca. lupus, L. pictus and Chrysocyon brachyurus possess the largest brain volumes with respectively 159.29, 146.94 and 120.84 mm3 and the smallest values belong to Nyctereutes procyonoides (28.2 mm3), V. rueppelli (27.86 mm3) and V. zerda (20.65 mm3). The independent contrasts correlation showed that there is no correlation between BVQ and BFQ (r = 0.14/P = 0.46), as well as no correlation between BFQ and BF (r = 0.22/P = 0.26), which indicates the efficiency of the size correction. Bite force and brain volume estimates are much higher in the group hunting hypercarnivores (Lycaon, Cuon and Speothos) and only these showed correlation between BFQ and BVQ. Our results indicate that cranial adaptations for hypercarnivory also influence braincase size.

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Bite force and encephalization in theCanidae (Mammalia:Carnivora)

Damasceno

Hingst‐Zaher

Astúa

2013

Journal of Zoology

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South American giant short-faced bear (Arctotherium angustidens) diet: evidence from pathology, morphology, stable isotopes, and biomechanics

Soibelzon¹,

Grinspan

Bocherens

et al. 2014

J. paleontol.

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Arctotherium angustidensGervais and Ameghino, 1880 (the South American giant short-faced bear) is known for being the earliest (Ensenadan Age, early to middle Pleistocene) and largest (body mass over 1 ton) of five describedArctotheriumspecies endemic to South America. Here we assess the diet of this bear from multiple proxies: morphology, biomechanics, dental pathology, stable isotopes and a previous study using geometric morphometric methodology. Results favor the idea of animal matter consumption, probably from large vertebrates in addition to vegetable matter consumption. Most probably, active hunting was not the unique strategy of this bear for feeding, since its large size and great power may have allowed him to fight for the prey hunted by other Pleistocene carnivores. However, scavenging over mega mammal carcasses was probably another frequent way of feeding. South American short-faced bears adjusted their size and modified their diet through Pleistocene times, probably as a response to the diversification of the carnivore guild (from the few precursory taxa that crossed the Panamanian Isthmus during the Great American Biotic Interchange).

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Fuerza de mordedura y estrés mandibular en el jaguar (Panthera onca) durante la depredación de pecaríes (Artiodactyla: Tayassuidae) mediante la fractura de sus cráneos

Sachetti¹,

Camacaro

Vázquez

et al. 2011

AZM

Self Cite

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Cárdenas. 2011. Fuerza de mordedura y estrés mandibular en el jaguar (Panthera onca) durante la depredación de pecaríes (Artiodactyla: Tayassuidae) mediante la fractura de sus cráneos. Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n. s.), 27(3): 757-776. RESUMEN. Una de las formas de depredación más efectivas del jaguar (Panthera onca) consiste en la aplicación de su fuerza de mordedura en el neurocráneo de los pecaríes, una de sus principales presas naturales, provocándole un estrés altamente compresivo que deviene en la posterior fractura del cráneo con una muerte rápida. En el presente estudio se analizaron mediante el método del cráneo seco, 15 cráneos completos y medidas craneométricas reportadas en la literatura, para jaguares adultos pertenecientes a diferentes subespecies o fenotipos del rango distributivo de P. onca. Afín de obtener sus fuerzas de mordedura canina y carnasial, esfuerzos de corte y momentos flexores máximos a lo largo del vano mandibular. La obtención de estas variables, en una estructura hiperestática se efectúo mediante el Método de Aproximaciones Sucesivas de Cross. Después se correlacionaron las fuerzas de mordedura máximas del jaguar y su acción en la sección transversal del neurocráneo de Pecari tajacu, Tayassu pecari y Catagonus wagneri mediante el método de Cremona, para obtener las tensiones internas que someten al cráneo de los pecaríes previa fractura. Se encontró que la fuerza máxima de mordedura canina del jaguar es de 681,56 Newton siendo 3 veces más compresiva en los carnasiales. Estas son lo suficientemente altas, como para provocar la rotura de una estructura rígida, como la sección triangular del neurocráneo en los pecaríes. Además los caninos robustos del jaguar resisten las fuerzas de pandeo aplicadas sobre los mismos durante la lucha con la presa, y una boca más amplia ayuda a una mejor adherencia y distribución uniforme de las fuerzas de mordedura, durante la mordida mortal.

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Análisis biostático de las tensiones actuantes en el dentario del oso andino (Tremarctos Ornatus) durante la mordedura

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Bite force and encephalization in theCanidae (Mammalia:Carnivora)

Bite force and encephalization in theCanidae (Mammalia:Carnivora)

South American giant short-faced bear (Arctotherium angustidens) diet: evidence from pathology, morphology, stable isotopes, and biomechanics

Fuerza de mordedura y estrés mandibular en el jaguar (Panthera onca) durante la depredación de pecaríes (Artiodactyla: Tayassuidae) mediante la fractura de sus cráneos

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