Analisis ergonomi pada perkuliahan daring menggunakan smartphone selama masa pandemi covid-19: studi kasus mahasiswa Prodi Teknik Industri Universitas Mulawarman

Abstract

When Covid-19 emerged in Indonesia in early 2020, students had to learn from home to prevent the spread of the virus. The changing activity could effect on physical and mental health caused by student’s behavior during learning from home. Survey showed that 84% students of Industrial Engineering, Mulawarman University used smartphone while learning from home. Therefore, this study aimed to identify students’ behavior, to measure physical (i.e., musculoskeletal and visual fatique) and mental health (i.e., stress and smartphone addiction) problems that occurred when they were learning from home, as well as to suggest ergonomic recommendation for reducing the negative effects. At the time of the study, they were 155 students studied in the IE department and a total of 134 (86.45%) participated in the online survey. Musculoskeletal disorder was assessed using Nordic Body Map and visual fatique was evaluated using symptoms that were reported on previous studies. Additionally, Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were administered to identify smartphone addiction tendency and stress level respectively. The results showed that MSD occurred in left and right shoulder (95%), followed by upper neck (82.14%) and back (72.62%). 86% of participants experienced visual fatique with headache (71.55%), ache eye (68%) and dry eye (60.34%) symptoms. Subsequently, this survey revealed that 35% of the participants addicted to smartphone and 68.66% experienced moderate level of stress. To alleviate these physical problems, several ergonomic recommendations were proposed i.e., supporting the arm that holding the smartphone with the other hand, practicing the 20-20-20 rule and applying stop, drop and flop slogan. Moreover, cooperation among parents, students and lecturers was needed to create conducive learning environment so as the mental health problems could be minimized.

Gambaran Sikap Ergonomi Dan Keluhan Muskuloskeletal Selama Pembelajaran Daring Pada Mahasiswa Ilmu Keperawatan Di Universitas Udayana

“…Muskuloskeletal Disorder (MSDs) atau gangguan muskuloskeletal terjadi akibat aktivitas dengan tingkat repetitif yang tinggi sehingga menyebabkan kelelahan pada otot, merusak jaringan hingga kesakitan dan ketidaknyamanan (Prawira, Yanti, Kurniawan, & Arha, 2017). Penyebab terjadinya keluhan muskuloskeletal saat belajar dapat ditimbulkan oleh penggunaan laptop yang lama dan postur tubuh saat belajar yang mempengaruhi timbulnya nyeri (Dzuria, 2021). Keluhan muskuloskeletal yang paling sering dialami oleh mahasiswa adalah nyeri leher, punggung, nyeri betis, nyeri pinggang, dan nyeri bahu (Maramis & Kandowangko, 2019).…”

Sex, Batch, and Sitting Duration Are Related to the Prevalence of Low Back Pain Among Undergraduate Study Program in Medicine and Medical Profession Students of Udayana University During Online Classes

“…Mahasiswa diperlukan untuk menatap layar pada waktu yang lama. Selain itu banyak mahasiswa yang tidak memiliki work station yang baik, sehingga rentan mengalami gangguan muskuloskeletal 10 .…”

Keluhan Otot Rangka Pada Mahasiswa Saat Pembelajaran Daring Selama Pandemi Covid-19

“…Pengamatan yang dilakukan pada Mahasiswa Prodi Teknik Industri Universitas Mulawarman menunjukan mahasiswa lebih banyak menggunakan smartphone dibandingan laptop maupun PC saat pembelajaran daring (62.69%). (18) Selain penggunaan laptop dan smartphone, mahasiswa mengikuti pembelajaran daring dengan posisi badan yang tidak alamiah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa selama pembelajaran daring mahasiswa paling banyak melakukan pembelajaran dengan posisi duduk sembarangan dimana saja senyamannya (49,3 %).…”

“…Ada juga sebanyak 15, 48 % mengikuti pembelajaran dengan duduk di kursi dan memegang gedgetnya, namun hanya sebanyak 10,71% mahasiswa duduk di sofa atau di lantai dengan memegang gedgetnya. (18) Mahasiswa merasakan keluhan-keluhan selama melakukan pembelajaran daring pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Secara subjektif mahasiswa merasakan adanya keluhan di sekitar mata (26%), gangguan pada tulang belakang (17%), bahu (17%), dan juga merasa kelelahan (16%).…”