When Covid-19 emerged in Indonesia in early 2020, students had to learn from home to prevent the spread of the virus. The changing activity could effect on physical and mental health caused by student’s behavior during learning from home. Survey showed that 84% students of Industrial Engineering, Mulawarman University used smartphone while learning from home. Therefore, this study aimed to identify students’ behavior, to measure physical (i.e., musculoskeletal and visual fatique) and mental health (i.e., stress and smartphone addiction) problems that occurred when they were learning from home, as well as to suggest ergonomic recommendation for reducing the negative effects. At the time of the study, they were 155 students studied in the IE department and a total of 134 (86.45%) participated in the online survey. Musculoskeletal disorder was assessed using Nordic Body Map and visual fatique was evaluated using symptoms that were reported on previous studies. Additionally, Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were administered to identify smartphone addiction tendency and stress level respectively. The results showed that MSD occurred in left and right shoulder (95%), followed by upper neck (82.14%) and back (72.62%). 86% of participants experienced visual fatique with headache (71.55%), ache eye (68%) and dry eye (60.34%) symptoms. Subsequently, this survey revealed that 35% of the participants addicted to smartphone and 68.66% experienced moderate level of stress. To alleviate these physical problems, several ergonomic recommendations were proposed i.e., supporting the arm that holding the smartphone with the other hand, practicing the 20-20-20 rule and applying stop, drop and flop slogan. Moreover, cooperation among parents, students and lecturers was needed to create conducive learning environment so as the mental health problems could be minimized.
PT Cahaya Fajar Kaltim merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang pembangkit listrik tenaga uap (PLTU). Pada tanggal 26 Maret 2003 merupakan awal resminya PT. Cahaya Fajar Kaltim yang beroperasi di daerah Embalut, Tanjung Batu, Tenggarong Seberang, Kutai Kartanegara Kalimantan Timur. Sistem produksi yang digunakan di PT Cahaya Fajar Kaltim menggunakan sistem otomasi sehingga semua proses produksi dilakukan secara terpusat dengan menggunakan piranti elektronik berupa komputer di area Distributed Control System (DCS). Karena sifatnya yang vital, menjadikan area DCS rentan terhadap resiko yang berdampak besar. Di area DCS, para operator dituntut dalam memantau dan memberikan keputusan yang tepat disaat kondisi darurat. Kondisi ini membuat beban kerja mental yang dirasakan oleh operator tinggi. Pengukuran beban kerja mental pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode NASA- Taks Load Indexs (TLX) dengan mempertimbangkan 3 kondisi kerja yang berbeda yaitu shift pagi pada pukul 07.00-15.00, shift siang pada pukul 15.00-23.00, dan shift malam pada pukul 23.00-07.00. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa beban kerja mental yang diperoleh operator boiler di area DCS didapat pada shift pagi termasuk ke dalam kategori beban kerja mental tinggi dengan nilai skor sebesar 55,89, pada shift siang termasuk ke dalam kategori beban kerja mental agak tinggi dengan nilai skor sebesar 49,41, dan pada shift malam termasuk ke dalam kategori beban kerja mental tinggi dengan nilai skor sebesar 60,52. Berdasarkan metode NASA-TLX shift kerja yang paling tingi dirasakan operator boiler di (DCS) PT.CFK adalah shift malam yang disebabkan oleh menurunnya daya konsentrasi karena rasa mengantuk, kemudian shift pagi yang disebabkan banyaknya tugas yang diberikan meliputi input data, kontroling, dan pengawasan namun operator bisa menyesuaikan kondisi, kemudian terakhir pada shift siang hari sama kondisinya dengan shift pagi namun banyaknya tugas jauh berkurang tugas hanya meliputi kontroler dan pengawasan. Rekomendasi dapat diberikan terhadap hasil nilai perhitungan dan analisa beban kerja mental operator boiler Distributed Control System (DCS) di PT.Cahaya Fajar Kaltim yaitu dengan menerapkan sistem shift baru, menyediakan tempat istirahat yang memadai, membangun fasilitas dan prasarana pendukung, dan juga memberikan pelatihan keamanan kerja yang rutin.
Jaya Makmur adalah usaha reparasi dan jual beli suku cadang alat berat bekas. Bengkel ini memiliki luas sekitar 400 m2 dengan ruang kerja yang terbatas dikarenakan banyaknya material seperti mesin, alat maupun produk jadi yang berserakan. Saat melakukan aktivitas kerja, seringkali ditemukan pekerja yang tidak menggunakan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) dengan lengkap. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan kecelakaan kerja kecil terjadi hampir setiap hari. Dikarenakan banyaknya potensi bahaya pada aktivitas kerja yang terjadi di CV. Jaya Makmur, maka analisis risiko yang berkaitan dengan K3 perlu dilakukan untuk mengendalikan potensi bahaya tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi bahaya, menilai risiko, dan mengendalikan risiko yang terdapat di CV. Jaya Makmur menggunakan metode HIRARC. Berdasarkan hasil observasi, kuesioner, dan wawancara dengan seorang pemilik bengkel dan tinga orang pekerja, maka didapatkan 18 potensi bahaya. Terdapat pula 12 risiko level rendah, dan 22 risiko level sedang. Pengendalian risiko yang dilakukan di CV. Jaya Makmur antara lain rekayasa teknis berupa pemasangan pembatas antara sumber bahaya dan pekerja. Kemudian, pengendalian administratif berupa perubahan prosedur kerja, melakukan pengawasan dan teguran, memberikan pelatihan kepada pekerja mengenai pentingnya K3 di tempat kerja, serta membuat jadwal dan melakukan maintenance berkala terhadap peralatan kerja. Selain itu, pekerja diharuskan untuk menggunakan alat pelindung diri seperti pakaian kerja, face shield, kacamata safety, sarung tangan, safety helmet, masker, safety shoes, serta earmuff saat bekerja.
A preliminary survey showed that oyster mushroom farmers in Lempake Samarinda experienced pain in several body segments, especially at their waist. It may be attributable to the working condition that requires non-ergonomic postures such as frequent awkward posture in sitting or standing position. Therefore, this paper aims to assess the working posture in oyster mushroom farmers. Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS) method was applied to measure the risk level of farmers' working posture. A total of ten activities were observed from the oyster mushroom cultivations' process in four cultivations in Lempake, Samarinda, Indonesia. Each activity was assessed using the OWAS category based on the position of the back, arms, legs, and load. The result showed that 10% of farmers' working posture was classified in the 4th risk level category, categorized as highly dangerous for the musculoskeletal system, so direct improvement was needed. Furthermore, 10% of working postures were classified in the 3rd risk level category, and 60% of working posture was in the 2nd risk level category, which is categorized as dangerous for the musculoskeletal system and could cause significant tension so that improvement in the future as needed. On the other hand, 20% of working posture was classified in the 1st category which was safe for the musculoskeletal system
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