Analisis Kesenjangan Pendapatan Nelayan Buruh Orang Asli Papua (OAP) dan Non-OAP Berdasarkan Upah Minimum Regional (UMR) di Merauke, Papua, Indonesia

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis besarnya pendapatan yang diterima nelayan buruh dari kalangan orang asli Papua (OAP) dan non-OAP serta tingkat kesenjangan pendapatan nelayan buruh OAP dan non-OAP berdasarkan upah minimum regional (UMR). Tempat penelitian adalah Kampung Timur dan Kampung Binaloka di Pantai Lampu Satu, Distrik Merauke, Kabupaten Merauke. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitis yang dilakukan pada bulan Juni sampai dengan Agustus 2021. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dari kuesioner dan wawancara, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari BPS, Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan, Dinas Ketenagakerjaan dan Transmigrasi, serta Kelurahan Samkai. Jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini adalah 62 orang yang meliputi 26 nelayan buruh OAP dan 36 nelayan buruh non- OAP. Responden diperoleh dengan teknik pemilihan sampel, yaitu sensus untuk nelayan buruh OAP dan purposive sampling untuk nelayan buruh non-OAP. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis biaya, analisis pendapatan, dan analisis kesenjangan (gap). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata pendapatan nelayan buruh OAP adalah Rp2.598.478,00 per bulan, sedangkan nelayan buruh non-OAP adalah Rp3.517.814,00 per bulan. Dalam diagram kartesius ditunjukkan bahwa nelayan buruh OAP berada pada kuadran I yang berarti pendapatannya di bawah UMR Kabupaten Merauke. Sementara itu, nelayan buruh non-OAP berada pada kuadran II yang berarti pendapatannya di atas UMR Kabupaten Merauke. UMR Kabupaten Merauke tahun 2021 adalah sebesar Rp3.516.700,00. Pendapatan nelayan buruh OAP adalah 73,88% lebih rendah daripada nelayan buruh non-OAP dengan tingkat kesesuaian pendapatan sebesar 100,03% terhadap UMR Kabupaten Merauke yang memiliki persentase sebesar 100%. Kesenjangan pendapatan nelayan buruh OAP terhadap UMR adalah sebesar 26,11% di bawah UMR, sedangkan nelayan buruh non-OAP adalah -0,03% di atas UMR Title: Gap Analysis of OAP and Non-OAP Fishermen’s Incomes on the Regional Minimum Wage in Merauke, Papua, IndonesiaThis study aims to analyze the amount of income received by labor fishermen from Papuan natives (OAP) and non-OAP as well as the level of income disparity between OAP and non-OAP based on the regional minimum wage (UMR). The research sites are Kampung Timur and Kampung Binaloka in Coastal Lampu Satu, Merauke District, Merauke Regency. This research is an analytical descriptive study which is conducted from June to August 2021. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from questionnaires and intervies, while the secondary data was obtained from BPS, Department of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Department of Employment and Transmigration, and Samkai District Office. The number of respondents in this study was 62 people which included 26 OAP labor fishermen and 36 non-OAP labor fishermen with a sample selection technique, namely census for OAP labor fishermen and purposive sampling for non-OAP labor fishermen. The data were analyzed using cost, income, and gap analysis. The results showed that the average income of OAP labor fishermen was IDR2.598.478,00 per month, while the non-OAP labor fishermen were IDR3.517.814,00 per month. In the Cartesian diagram, OAP labor fishermen are in quadrant I, which means their income is below the UMR of Merauke Regency, while non-OAP labor fishermen are in quadrant II, which means their income is above the UMR of Merauke Regency. Meanwhile, the UMR of Merauke Regency in 2021 is IDR3.516.700,00. The income level of OAP labor fishermen is 73.88% lower than non-OAP labor fishermen with an income suitability level of 100.03% against the UMR of Merauke Regency, which has a percentage of 100%. The gap between the incomes of OAP labor fishermen is 26.11% higher than non-OAP labor fishermen, with a gap of -0.03% above the UMR of Merauke Regency.

The paradox of special autonomy: Why does wealth make Papua poor?

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