Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis besarnya pendapatan yang diterima nelayan buruh dari kalangan orang asli Papua (OAP) dan non-OAP serta tingkat kesenjangan pendapatan nelayan buruh OAP dan non-OAP berdasarkan upah minimum regional (UMR). Tempat penelitian adalah Kampung Timur dan Kampung Binaloka di Pantai Lampu Satu, Distrik Merauke, Kabupaten Merauke. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitis yang dilakukan pada bulan Juni sampai dengan Agustus 2021. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dari kuesioner dan wawancara, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari BPS, Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan, Dinas Ketenagakerjaan dan Transmigrasi, serta Kelurahan Samkai. Jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini adalah 62 orang yang meliputi 26 nelayan buruh OAP dan 36 nelayan buruh non- OAP. Responden diperoleh dengan teknik pemilihan sampel, yaitu sensus untuk nelayan buruh OAP dan purposive sampling untuk nelayan buruh non-OAP. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis biaya, analisis pendapatan, dan analisis kesenjangan (gap). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata pendapatan nelayan buruh OAP adalah Rp2.598.478,00 per bulan, sedangkan nelayan buruh non-OAP adalah Rp3.517.814,00 per bulan. Dalam diagram kartesius ditunjukkan bahwa nelayan buruh OAP berada pada kuadran I yang berarti pendapatannya di bawah UMR Kabupaten Merauke. Sementara itu, nelayan buruh non-OAP berada pada kuadran II yang berarti pendapatannya di atas UMR Kabupaten Merauke. UMR Kabupaten Merauke tahun 2021 adalah sebesar Rp3.516.700,00. Pendapatan nelayan buruh OAP adalah 73,88% lebih rendah daripada nelayan buruh non-OAP dengan tingkat kesesuaian pendapatan sebesar 100,03% terhadap UMR Kabupaten Merauke yang memiliki persentase sebesar 100%. Kesenjangan pendapatan nelayan buruh OAP terhadap UMR adalah sebesar 26,11% di bawah UMR, sedangkan nelayan buruh non-OAP adalah -0,03% di atas UMR Title: Gap Analysis of OAP and Non-OAP Fishermen’s Incomes on the Regional Minimum Wage in Merauke, Papua, IndonesiaThis study aims to analyze the amount of income received by labor fishermen from Papuan natives (OAP) and non-OAP as well as the level of income disparity between OAP and non-OAP based on the regional minimum wage (UMR). The research sites are Kampung Timur and Kampung Binaloka in Coastal Lampu Satu, Merauke District, Merauke Regency. This research is an analytical descriptive study which is conducted from June to August 2021. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from questionnaires and intervies, while the secondary data was obtained from BPS, Department of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Department of Employment and Transmigration, and Samkai District Office. The number of respondents in this study was 62 people which included 26 OAP labor fishermen and 36 non-OAP labor fishermen with a sample selection technique, namely census for OAP labor fishermen and purposive sampling for non-OAP labor fishermen. The data were analyzed using cost, income, and gap analysis. The results showed that the average income of OAP labor fishermen was IDR2.598.478,00 per month, while the non-OAP labor fishermen were IDR3.517.814,00 per month. In the Cartesian diagram, OAP labor fishermen are in quadrant I, which means their income is below the UMR of Merauke Regency, while non-OAP labor fishermen are in quadrant II, which means their income is above the UMR of Merauke Regency. Meanwhile, the UMR of Merauke Regency in 2021 is IDR3.516.700,00. The income level of OAP labor fishermen is 73.88% lower than non-OAP labor fishermen with an income suitability level of 100.03% against the UMR of Merauke Regency, which has a percentage of 100%. The gap between the incomes of OAP labor fishermen is 26.11% higher than non-OAP labor fishermen, with a gap of -0.03% above the UMR of Merauke Regency.

Cocoa is one of the plantation’s leading commodities which has a considerable contribution to the Indonesian economy, including sources of farmers’ income, producers of industrial raw materials, and creators of employment. The free and competitive facing of free trade, requires that plantation products have competitiveness in order to be able to survive and attract the public compared to similar imported commodity products. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of cocoa commodities in South Sulawesi and analyze the impact of government policies on the competitiveness of cocoa commodities in South Sulawesi. The analysis method uses the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). Through this matrix, the criteria for Private Cost Ratio (PCR) and the Domestic Resource Cost Ratio (DRCR) that can be competitive and comparative advantages can be calculated. The results of this study indicate that cocoa commodities have competitiveness seen from comparative and competitive advantages as indicated by the value of DRCR<1 and DRCR<1. The value of cocoa commodities of DRCR and RBP is 0.20 and 0.22. The smaller the value of DRCR and RBP is obtained, the higher the level of comparative and competitive advantages possessed. Government policies on input-output that have been in effect so far have not been effectively protected by cocoa farmers, which means the government has not had a positive impact on cocoa commodities in South Sulawesi. This can be seen from the private price which is lower than the social price.

The aim of the research is to find out the food crops base commodities, the food crops base commodities that are competitive and have a fast growth, and food crops base that are potential to be development priorities. The data used is secondary data covering all 20 districts in Merauke Regency. This study uses Location Quotient analysis and Shift Share analysis, as well as combination of both analyses. This study shows that rice is the food crops base commodity in six districts, corn in eight districts, soybean in three districts, cassava in sixteen districts, sweet potato in fifteen districts, peanut in five districts, and mung bean in seven districts. Basic food crop commodities that have fast growth are corn commodity that found in eight districts, and cassava in fifteen districts. The basic food crop commodities that become development priorities are cassava as the main priority commodity in one district, and second priority commodity is in fourteen districts. Corn as the second priority in five districts, and soybean as the second priority commodities in one district.

Traditional community has local wisdom in managing the relationship between man and man, man and nature, and man and God. The Japanese tradition gives the priority the relationship between man and nature because they believe that Nature is the most important place for human beings and gods. Therefore, in the Japanese traditional community, man and gods have to guard nature against damages. In order to conserve this local wisdom, they use myths, taboos, and rules. In today’s modern Japan, the Japanese still maintain their tradition so that it is commonly said that the Japanese are walking on two traditions: modern and traditional. In today’s highland farming in Japan, the Japanese farmers still perform ritual ceremonies such as rituals in planting rice plants, rituals in weeding and getting rid of pests, rituals in harvesting, and ritual after harvesting. Meanwhile, in the highland farming in North Sumatera, people’s tradition has changed. Today, farmers hunt wild animals such as birds, bats, and snakes because they damage ecosystem; but, as many wild animals are eaten by people, rats and pests/insects become flourish so that farmers now use a lot of chemical insecticide. In consequence, harvests become worse and farmers become poorer. Therefore, there is the difference in local wisdom between high land farmers in Japan and highland farmers in North Sumatera. In this research, the researcher did field research in Tohoku, Japan, and in Batak area, North Sumatera, in order to find out the differences. The theory of cultural comparative science was used in studying local wisdom of the farmers in these two areas. It is recommended that local wisdom be maintained for the local people’s welfare. This research was financed by the Japanese related research program, Sumitomo Foundation.

This study purpose was to analyze the relationship of social capital, namely interaction, social responsibility, cultural values, cooperation and the role of village officials or other parties to the motivation of local communities. Social capital that grows and develops in the local community environment becomes a reference to increase motivation so that it can optimize the potential of sago to become a productive farm. Data were analyzed quantitatively using a Likert scale technique and correlation to determine the relationship of social capital to the level of motivation and are described descriptively. The location was chosen purposively or deliberately, the location of the study was conducted in a mooring village, with 50 respondents. The results showed that social capital was strongly related to the level of motivation in optimizing the potential of sago farming.