Analisis Kesilapan Sintaksis Bahasa Arab dalam Penulisan Karangan Pelajar Natif Bahasa Melayu

Abstract

Kajian ini membincangkan aspek penggunaan sintaksis nahu Arab yang terdapat di dalam sistem nahu bahasa Arab dan bentuk kesilapan penggunaannya di dalam penulisan pelajar bahasa Arab di Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). Responden kajian terdiri daripada lepasan sekolah dan ma’ahad agama seluruh negara. Umum mengetahui bahawa bahasa Arab tidak asing kepada para pelajar ini yang terdiri daripada kalangan pelajar pengajian agama dan mereka telah lama mengikuti pembelajaran bahasa ini secara formal bermula dari sekolah rendah hingga ke peringkat menengah sebelum memasuki pusat-pusat pengajian tinggi negara. Namun masih banyak kesilapan yang mereka lakukan sewaktu menggunakan bahasa ini khususnya ketika menerapkan aspek sistem sintaksis bahasa Arab yang betul dalam penulisan. Teori Analisis Kesilapan oleh S.P. Corder yang memperkenalkan empat dimensi klasifikasi kesilapan pelajar sewaktu mempelajari bahasa diterapkan ketika penulis menjalankan kajian ini. Data kajian dikumpulkan melalui ujian bertulis yang diadakan terhadap sekumpulan 25 pelajar yang baharu mendaftar di universiti ini. Dapatan kajian ini membuktikan wujud kecenderungan pelajar untuk melakukan kesilapan dalam aspek ortografi, leksikon, nahu dan struktur ayat. Namun kesilapan yang paling ketara dan banyak dilakukan oleh pelajar adalah dari aspek penggunaan nahu. Malah dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan pelajar berulang kali melakukan bentuk kesalahan yang sama dan kekerapan kesalahan ini menunjukkan bahawa pelajar menghadapi masalah kemampuan linguistik (linguistic competence) dalam bahasa sasaran yang sedang mereka pelajari. Hal ini sekaligus membabitkan implikasi pedagogi yang perlu melihat keadah pemulihan (remedial) yang berkesan bagi membantu pelajar mengatasi kelemahan tersebut. This study discusses the use of Arabic syntax in the Arabic language system and the types of errors found in the writings of students taking Arabic at Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). Participants of the study were students from religious schools and institutions nationwide. It is generally known that these students whose educational background include graduating from religious schools are accustomed to Arabic, and they have long practiced the formal Arabic language learning since elementary to high schools before entering higher institutions. However, the students still make errors when using the language especially when implementing the correct Arabic syntax in their writings. Therefore, to conduct this study, S.P Corder’s Theory of Error Analysis which introduces the classification of four dimensions of students’ errors in language learning was referred. The data were collected through a writing test from 25 students who had just enrolled into the university. The findings of this study showed that most of the students tend to make errors in various categories namely orthography, lexicon, grammar and sentence structure, and grammar is the most frequent errors made by the students. In fact, the findings also indicated that the students committed the same errors repeatedly which also implied that they have issues with their linguistic competence in learning Arabic. This also involves the pedagogical implications of effective remedial strategies to help students to overcome these weaknesses.

Monitor Model Theory as a Solution to Overcome the Problem of Mastering Arabic Grammar Among Students in Malaysia

“…Their results showed that students find it more difficult to use past tense verb ‫الماضي(‬ ‫)الفعل‬ than the present tense verb ‫المضارع(‬ ‫)الفعل‬ that is by using the present tense verb ‫"يعملون"‬ (they do) in construction of the sentence "they did". Their findings are in line with the study conducted by Ismail et al (2021) who also found it is more difficult for students to use past tense than present tense, for example in the sentence " ‫من‬ ‫أنتهي‬ ‫الماضية‬ ‫سنة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الثانوية‬ ‫"المدرسة‬ (I finish from high school last year) by using present tense ‫"أنتهي"‬ (I finish) which should be the past tense verb " ‫ْت‬ ‫ي‬ َ ‫َه‬ ‫ْت‬ ‫"ان‬ (I finished). Sopian (2019) also found that students find it difficult to use verbs in learning Arabic grammar.…”

“…The students form the present tense ‫"تكتب"‬ (you write), instead of ‫ب"‬ ‫ت‬ ْ ‫"أك‬ (I write) because the doer refers to the first person (me). The findings of Sopian's (2019) study are different from the study of Sokri and Ismail (2017) and the study of Ismail et al (2021).…”

“…A review of the literature proves that the mastery of Arabic grammar among students is still at an alarming rate. Previous researchers have also proven that there are two types of students' difficulties in learning Arabic grammar, namely the use of al-kalimat ‫َلمات‬ ‫الك‬ (words) and also at-tarakib ‫التراكيب‬ (sentence construction) (Sokri & Ismail, 2017;Mokhtar et al, 2017;Ismail et al, 2021). It is important for students to be able to master the use of al-kalimat to produce grammatical at-tarakib.…”

Analisis Sintaksis Fā’il dalam Al-Quran Surah Al Baqarah 144-150 dalam Perpesktif Pendidikan Agama Islam

“…Bahasa Arab disebut pula bahasa dogma(agama) yang digunakan umat Islam sejajar dengan bahasa yang digunakan dalam wahyu al-Qur'an dan hadis baginda Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam, yang lahir di kalangan warga penutur bahasa tersebut (Ismail, Mohamed, Razak, Hj Ibrahim, & Isa, 2021). Bahasa Arab merupakan bahasa yang kebanyakan diajarkan pada forum-forum Islam, khususnya pesantren (Nurhidayah, 2021).…”

“…Menurut al-Imrithi pada (Sulaikho & Mathoriyah, 2020) dalam struktur kebahasaan bahasa arab, waktu istilah tersusun sebagai kalimat maka masih ada perubahan gramatikal berupa ditambahkannya alfabet baru dalam akhir istilah waktu merujuk dalam subjek perempuan, subjek ganda, atau subjek majemuk. Sistem sintaksis menaruh fokus krusial pada aspek keseragaman perkataan (words agreement), berdasarkan sudut keserasian tawabi`, infleksi atau baris akhir perkataan (case of ending) yg mensugesti makna ayat & menaruh kesan akbar pada kedudukan perkataan pada urutan perkataan (word order) & konteks makna (Ismail, Mohamed, Razak, Hj Ibrahim, & Isa, 2021). Dalam struktur sintaksis terdapat 3 macam pembahasan; fungsi sintaksis, kategori sintaksis, & kiprah sintaksis.…”