Analisis Sumber Pengetahuan Tradisional Tanaman Obat yang Digunakan oleh Masyarakat Suku Dayak Desa

Abstract

Indonesia memiliki keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi, terutama tumbuhan salah satunya di wilayah Kalimantan Barat. Masyarakat Kalimantan Barat masih sering memanfaatkan keanekaragaman tumbuhan tersebut dalam bidang kesehatan, salah satunya masyarakat suku Dayak Desa. Suku Dayak Desa sebagai salah satu suku yang mendiami wilayah di Kalimantan Barat masih mempertahankan tradisi pengobatan secara tradisional dengan memanfaatkan tumbuhan sebagai bahan obat-obatan.Tradisi tersebut menjadi suatu kearifan lokal pada suku Dayak Desa dalam menjaga dan melestarikan hutan serta mempertahankan pengetahuan tradisional tentang tumbuhan berkhasiat obat. Namun demikian, pengetahuan tersebut belum terdokumentasi dengan baik sehingga dikhawatirkan akan punah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengetahuan tradisional masyarakatterhadap tumbuhan yang digunakan sebagai obat tradisional pada suku Dayak Desa di Desa Pakak, Kecamatan Kayan Hilir, Kabupaten Sintang, Kalimantan barat.Desain dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini mengikutsertakan 100 responden. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik Snowbal Sampling. Pengumpulan data pengetahuan tradisional masyarakat Suku Dayak Desa menggunakan teknik observasi dan kuisioner. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengetahuan tradisional tentang tanaman berkasiat obat ditransferkan kepada generasi ke generasi secara lisan. Pengetahuan tradisional tersebut diperoleh melalui mimpi sebanyak 10%, melalui penyampaian oleh Ketua Adat dan temenggung 20%, melalui penyampaian lisan dari orang tua dan keluarga sebanyak 20%, melalui coba-coba sebanyak 20% dan melalui pengalaman pribadi yang disampaikan ke orang lain sebanyak 30%. Kesimpulannya bahwa informasi pengetahuan tradisional tentang pengetahuan tradisional tentang tumbuhan yang berkhasiat obat lebih banyak melalui pengalaman pribadi yang kemudian disampaikan lisan.
 

The source traditional medication knowledge: The dayak iban in lanjak deras village

“…This source of knowledge is obtained from people's experiences both written and unwritten in utilizing plants as traditional medicines from generation to generation. This research is in line with the results of a study conducted by Merdekawati (2016) and Julung et al, (2018). They reported that knowledge and the use of traditional medicines were obtained from personal experience, experiments and carried out from generation to generation.…”

“…The process of transferring the knowledge given by the predecessor to the successor should be given in stages and have the right steps so that the successor can absorb and implement that knowledge in daily life to treat disease. Julung, Supiandi, Ege, Mahanal, & Zubaidah (2018) said that the Dayak Desa community also inherited local knowledge about traditional medicine from generation to generation by believing that not all diseases could be cured medically. Lozada, Ladio, & Weigandt (2006) commonly, knowledge is transmitted vertically within a family, and it is also learned through practice.…”

“…The source of knowledge of the Ibans regarding traditional medicine by utilizing plants is obtained from customary leader (100%) through verbal communication from generation to generation. Julung et al, (2018) reported that traditional knowledge about medicinal plants, how to use them, and what parts of the plant were used were informed by the customary leader and the village elders. Hossan, Agarwala, Sarwar, Karim, Jahan, & Rahmatullah (2010) and Gruyal, Roasario, & Palmes (2014) stated that information and knowledge of the community regarding the use of medicinal plant was handed down from generation to generation through verbal communication.…”

“…The results of this study are in line with the results of a study conducted by Molina (2015) who reported that traditional knowledge about medicinal plants was obtained through hunches and dreams. Furthermore, Julung et al, (2018) reported that the information and knowledge about certain plant that is usefull for medicine, about its processes and plant parts used were obtained from the ancestors and gods through dreams.…”

Ethnobotany of traditional medicinal plants used by Dayak Desa Community in Sintang, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

“…The utilization of potentially medicinal plants by Dayak Desa community encountered various problems as follows: (i) only a few parents deliver the information about the types of medicinal plants and techniques of their use to their children (Julung et al 2018); (ii) modern medicine or western health treatments are gradually taking out traditional medicine (Kustiawan 2007); and (iii) forest degradation in West Kalimantan increases every year due to the increasing land clearance for the development of industrial forest plantations, oil palm plantations, illegal logging and shifting cultivation threatening the conservation of germplasm, and endemic species, especially plants that have potential as medicinal plants (Setyawan 2010). In addition, knowledge about the use of medicinal plants starts to vanish because it is only passed from generation to generation orally and has remained unwritten (Kaido et al 1997).…”