Analogue modelling of continental extension: a review focused on the relations between the patterns of deformation and the presence of magma

Corti, Giacomo; Bonini, Marco; Conticelli, Sandro; Innocenti, Fabrizio; Manetti, Piero; Sokoutis, Dimitrios

doi:10.1016/s0012-8252(03)00035-7

Cited by 320 publications

(295 citation statements)

References 198 publications

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“…The Ramberg and Smolukowsky numbers, calculated following Corti et al [2003] for the ductile and brittle layers, respectively, support the dynamic scaling of the models. The scaling factors used in our models are provided in Tables 1 and 2.…”

Section: Experimental Apparatus Scaling and Materialssupporting

confidence: 55%

Strain rate‐dependent lithosphere rifting and necking architectures in analog experiments

2015

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Analog models provide a useful tool to investigate on the three-dimensional evolution of geodynamic processes. In this contribution, we describe the results of an experimental program designed for studying the progression through time of lithosphere thinning and necking. In particular, by exploiting the three-dimensional real-time information on surface topography and base lithosphere geometry provided by paired top and bottom laser scanning, we studied the evolution of lithosphere necking at low and fast asymmetric plate divergence. Our results indicate that this parameter plays a fundamental control on the incremental and finite slope of the lithosphere necking. Influences are discussed on the application of experimental data to natural rift system.

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Section: Experimental Apparatus Scaling and Materialssupporting

confidence: 55%

Strain rate‐dependent lithosphere rifting and necking architectures in analog experiments

2015

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“…The ages of mapped vents range from about 2 Ma to Recent. More evolved lavas (mainly rhyolites) are generally associated with domes, tuff rings and central volcanoes, whereas cones and maars are generally basaltic (Mazzarini et al, 1999;Corti et al, 2003;Lahitte et al, 2003a,b;Mazzarini, 2004;Mazzarini et al, 2004;Abebe et al, 2005;Mazzarini, 2007;Mazzarini et al, 2013). Vent locations have been acquired by surfing in Google Earth where panchromatic SPOT images (http://www.spotimage.com) with pixel resolution ranging from 2.5 to 20 m allow easy detection of vents (e.g.…”

Section: Ventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial relationship between earthquakes and volcanic vents in the central-northern Main Ethiopian Rift

Mazzarini

Keir

Isola

2013

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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During the breakup of continents extension is commonly accommodated by connected networks of fluid filled fractures (dykes) and by faults. Despite the importance of these two extension mechanisms their spatial relationship in three dimensions is poorly understood primarily because it is difficult to quantify the subsurface distribution of faulting and intrusion. In order to address this problem, we conduct a quantitative analysis of the spatial distribution and clustering of earthquakes and volcanic vents in the Main Ethiopian Rift in East Africa in order to understand how extension by faulting and intrusion is distributed throughout the volcanic rift. We use fractal analysis of earthquake epicentres in order to infer the 2D characteristics of the subsurface fault network, and directly test our model results against the 3D distribution of earthquake hypocentres. Our results show that fractal analysis of these features is a reliable means to characterise the 3D properties of the fault network. In addition, the strong similarity between the properties of the fault network derived from earthquakes and properties of the magma-filled fracture network derived from fractal analysis of volcanic vents strongly suggests that these are genetically linked. We then explore their spatial link using computation of earthquake and vent density, which shows that the zone of seismicity is generally around 20-30-km-wide, while the zone of vents is narrower and centred within the zone of seismicity. This spatial relationship suggests that the faults, which form rift axial grabens, are induced above a narrower and central zone of diking. We also demonstrate significant along-rift variation in degree of magmatism and faulting with regions of increased degree of diking inferred from a higher cone density characterised by reduced degree of faulting.

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“…increasingly point to the influential role of melt products on the evolution of continental rifting (e.g. Ebinger & Casey 2001;Corti et al 2003;Dugda et al 2005;Kendall et al 2005;Buck 2006;Bastow & Keir 2011;Armitage et al 2015). However, many ancient and active rift systems display evidence of volumetrically limited magmatic activity, for example, the Western Branch of the East African Rift System (EARS ;Furman 2007) and the Newfoundland-Iberia rifted margins (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface wave imaging of the weakly extended Malawi Rift from ambient-noise and teleseismic Rayleigh waves from onshore and lake-bottom seismometers

Accardo

Gaherty

Shillington

et al. 2017

Geophysical Journal International

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Analogue modelling of continental extension: a review focused on the relations between the patterns of deformation and the presence of magma

Cited by 320 publications

References 198 publications

Strain rate‐dependent lithosphere rifting and necking architectures in analog experiments

Strain rate‐dependent lithosphere rifting and necking architectures in analog experiments

Spatial relationship between earthquakes and volcanic vents in the central-northern Main Ethiopian Rift

Surface wave imaging of the weakly extended Malawi Rift from ambient-noise and teleseismic Rayleigh waves from onshore and lake-bottom seismometers

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