Analyses of the Frequency and Intensity of Laboratory Generated HFGWs

Abstract

The theoretical concept underlying two laboratory high-frequency gravitational wave or HFGW generator designs or devices is presented. The generators are of two types: laser-target and piezoelectric or Film Bulk Acoustic Resonators (FBARs). The laser-target device is energized by ultra-high-intensity lasers and the FEAR device is energized by a myriad of Magnetrons.-Such HFGW generators emulate the classical spinning-rod (or dumbbell) or orbiting-mass GW generating systems that are discussed by Baker (2006). The laboratory HFGW generators emulate these classical systems by utilizing an impulse or acceleration change over a very brief time interval that can be considered to be a "snapshof or brief time-span picture of the classical systems. The laser targets or FEAR vibrational membranes undergo the force change captured by this "snapshot," but there is a small variation in the force with time, or first time derivative of force, over the incremental time period of the snapshot. The paper theoretically examines the force waveform or wave shape as well as the HFGW waveform generated during the infinitesimal time. It is concluded that a synchroresonance (inverse Gertsenshtein effect) detector, such as proposed by Li, Baker and Fang (2007), works best if its EM detection beam (a Gaussian beam), which is an essential element of that HFGW detector, replicates the GW frequency, speed and waveform of the of the laboratory generated HFGWs. For other detectors, such as electromagnetic, resonance cavity or solid state e.g., "large crystal" (phonon producer), the waveform serves as a template for the expected signal. The size of the generated HFGWs is proportional to the absolute value of force change divided by the incremental time interval, which is the slope of the force versus time curve. A generalized design-parameter relationship for a HFGW laboratory generator is derived

Interaction Between Macroscopic Quantum Systems and Gravity

“…It seems appropriate to cite here other papers concerning the possible generation through superconductors of high-frequency gravitational waves (called HFGWs in the literature; see [51][52][53][54]).…”

Gravitational waves generated by laser accelerated relativistic ions

“…High-frequency GW detectors were suggested [32][33][34] , which are based on the coupling between gravitational and electromagnetic wave in the presence of background magnetic field (inverse Gertsenshtein effect 35 ). The sensitivity for such detector was estimated to be of the order of h rms ∼ 10 −34 Hz −1/2 , see 32 . For GW under consideration in the present paper h rms ∼ h √ τ GW ∼ 10 −47 Hz −1/2 .…”

Input Power Requirements for High-Frequency Gravitational Wave Generators

“…This result also follows Eq. (8) of Baker, Stephenson and Li (2008a), and if there were 100 splits of an FBAR, then there would be one-hundredth the GW flux resulting from each, but 100 more of them so the net effect according to the N 2 rule would be (100) 2 /100 or a one-hundred fold increase in HFGW flux The frequency of the split elements may be a higher value --but the attendant increase in GW power (proportional to the square of the higher frequency) and the decrease in power due to a smaller distance between tracks (assuming that the distance between tracks is one GW wavelength, which would be smaller) would cancel and there would be no net effect on HFGW amplitude. It is concluded, therefore, that the amplitude of the generated HFGWs is proportional to the number of in phase elements, N (not the square).…”