Analysing the spatial and temporal dynamics of species interactions in mixed-species forests and the effects of stand density using the 3-PG model

Forrester, David I.; Tang, Xiaolu

doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.07.010

Cited by 87 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Progress with understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of DPRs is likely to be made using a process-based approach within the framework of the production ecology equation. These studies could be complemented with inventory data to obtain regionally validated information and also to develop process-based models that can be used to examine a much larger number of species compositions, site and climatic conditions, and silvicultural treatments and essentially to become management tools for foresters [35]. Finally, while many of the world's forests are mixed-species stands, the framework in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is often interest in the effects of different climatic conditions and novel combinations of species or management. Validated process-based forest growth models could be used to examine these scenarios [35,36]. A recent review of forest growth models found that many could be used for mixed-species forests but very few have been validated by comparing their predictions of complementarity effects against measured complementarity effects [36].…”

Section: Next Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, it is clear that this simple framework cannot simultaneously show all the different spatial or temporal gradients, or different processes, that are typically occurring in a single forest. The prediction of dynamics resulting from several simultaneously occurring processes can be achieved using process-based models that contain many of the processes or structural attributes listed in Table 1 [35,36].…”

Section: A Framework For Predicting Spatial and Temporal Changes In Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Processes Behind Diversity—Productivity Relationships in Forests

2016

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Through complementarity interactions, mixedspecies forests can be more productive than monocultures, and this effect can increase with tree-species richness. However, this is not always the case. This review examines the processes and stand structural attributes that can influence diversity-productivity relationships (DPRs); how they influence resource availability, resource uptake, and resource-use efficiency; and also describes some important differences between tree-diversity versus grassland-diversity experiments. The size of the complementarity effects caused by these processes and stand structures varies along spatial and temporal gradients in resource availability and climate. These spatial and temporal dynamics have now been examined in many studies, and the general patterns are summarized using a simple framework; complementarity is predicted to increase as the availability of resource BX^declines (or climatic condition X becomes harsher) if the species interactions improve the availability, uptake, or use efficiency of resource X (or interactions improve climatic condition X). Importantly, this framework differs from the stress-gradient hypothesis to account for a wider range of inter-specific plant interactions (not only facilitation) by considering contrasting methods used to quantify species interactions while accounting for stand structure. In addition, complementarity (as opposed to facilitation) for a given species combination can increase as growing conditions improve in forests, contrary to predictions of the stressgradient hypothesis with regards to facilitation. This review indicates that while the effects of tree-species diversity on growth and other forest functions are now receiving a lot of attention, far less is known about the effects of structural diversity on growth or forest functioning. Direct measurements of the processes, as opposed to focusing mainly on growth responses, could greatly contribute to our understanding of structural diversity effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Next Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Framework For Predicting Spatial and Temporal Changes In Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Processes Behind Diversity—Productivity Relationships in Forests

2016

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“…3-PG is used worldwide for different tree species such as E. globulus (Sands and Landsberg, 2002;Fontes et al, 2006;Miehle et al, 2009;Smettem et al, 2013), Eucalyptus nitens (Rodriguez et al, 2009;Pérez-Cruzado et al, 2011;Gonzalez-Garcia et al, 2015), E. grandis (Esprey et al, 2004;Stape et al, 2004;Almeida et al, 2004bAlmeida et al, , 2007, Eucalyptus cladocalyx (Paul et al, 2007), Pinus patula (Dye, 2001), Pinus radiata (Coops, 1999;Rodríguez et al, 2002;Feikema et al, 2010) and more recently to mixed species (Forrester and Tang, 2015). 3-PG is used worldwide for different tree species such as E. globulus (Sands and Landsberg, 2002;Fontes et al, 2006;Miehle et al, 2009;Smettem et al, 2013), Eucalyptus nitens (Rodriguez et al, 2009;Pérez-Cruzado et al, 2011;Gonzalez-Garcia et al, 2015), E. grandis (Esprey et al, 2004;Stape et al, 2004;Almeida et al, 2004bAlmeida et al, , 2007, Eucalyptus cladocalyx (Paul et al, 2007), Pinus patula (Dye, 2001), Pinus radiata (Coops, 1999;Rodríguez et al, 2002;Feikema et al, 2010) and more recently to mixed species (Forrester and Tang, 2015).…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the ability of 3‐PG to model the water balance of forest plantations in contrasting environments

Almeida

Sands²

2015

Ecohydrology

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Because water availability is a primary factor that influences growth of forest plantations, quantifying plantation water use is an important part of the decision-making process when selecting new plantation areas. The 3-PG model (Landsberg and Waring, Forest Ecology and Management 95: 209-228, 1997) has been used successfully to model forest growth for several species. However, some studies have demonstrated limitations in 3-PG's ability to accurately model the soil and plant water balance. This paper addresses these limitations through the development and validation of a modified water balance submodel that models canopy interception, soil evaporation, tree transpiration, drainage, run-off, soil water content and available soil water in the root and non-root zone. The new submodel was tested and validated using detailed, long-term observed growth and water balance data from contrasting environments in Australia and Brazil and showed improved estimation of available soil water, even when only monthly weather data were available. However, the new submodel requires more soil texture-dependent parameters than the original submodel. Sensitivity analysis of these new parameters shows that values of soil field capacity, wilting point and soil depth may have strong impacts on the prediction of run-off, soil water content and available soil water.

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“…These processes are often grouped into the phenomena of facilitation (i.e., one species improves the resource availability, climatic or biotic conditions of another species) or competitive reduction (i.e., interspecific competition in the mixture is lower than intraspecific competition in pure stands). Recent experimental studies (Forrester, 2015), reviews (Forrester, 2014;Forrester & Bauhus, 2016), and modelling approaches (Wu, Lo, Blanco, & Chang, 2015;Forrester & Tang, 2016) have analyzed such complementarity concept in forest ecosystems. Alternatively, facilitation and competitive reduction have been described collectively as complementarity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased complementarity in water‐limited environments in Scots pine and European beech mixtures under climate change

et al. 2017

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Management of mixedwoods is advocated as an effective adaptation strategy to increase ecosystem resiliency in the context of climate change. Although mixedwoods have been shown to have greater resource use efficiency relative to pure stands, considerable uncertainty remains with respect to the underlying ecological processes. We explored species interactions in Scots pine/ European beech mixedwoods with the process-based model FORECAST Climate. The model was calibrated for two contrasting forests in the southwestern Pyrenees (northern Spain): a wet Mediterranean site at 625 m.a.s.l. and a subalpine site at 1335 m.a.s.l. Predicted mixedwood yield was higher than that for beech stands but lower than pine stands. When simulating climate change, mixedwood yield was reduced at the Mediterranean site (−33%) but increased at the subalpine site (+11%). Interaction effects were enhanced as stands developed. Complementarity dominated the Mediterranean stand but neutral or net competition dominated the subalpine stand, which had higher stand density and water availability. Reduced water demand and consumption, increased canopy interception, and improved water-use efficiency in mixtures compared to beech stands, suggest a release of beech intraspecific competition. Beech also facilitated pine growth through better litter quality, nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixation, and aboveand belowground stratification, leading to higher foliar nitrogen content and deeper canopies in pines. In conclusion, mixtures may improve water availability and use efficiency for beech and light interception for pine, the main limiting factors for each species, respectively. Encouraging pine-beech mixtures could be an effective adaptation to climate change in drought-prone sites in the Mediterranean region.

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Analysing the spatial and temporal dynamics of species interactions in mixed-species forests and the effects of stand density using the 3-PG model

Cited by 87 publications

References 85 publications

A Review of Processes Behind Diversity—Productivity Relationships in Forests

A Review of Processes Behind Diversity—Productivity Relationships in Forests

Improving the ability of 3‐PG to model the water balance of forest plantations in contrasting environments

Increased complementarity in water‐limited environments in Scots pine and European beech mixtures under climate change

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