Analysis of antigen conservation and inactivation of gamma-irradiated avian influenza virus subtype H9N2

Salehi, Bahareh; Motamedi-Sedeh, Farahnaz; Madadgar, Omid; Khalili, Iraj; Langroudi, A. G.; Unger, Hermann; Wijewardana, Viskam

doi:10.1556/030.65.2018.025

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The virus used in our study was AIV sub type H9N2 strain, A/Chicken/IRN/Ghazvin/2001, obtained from the Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute of Iran. The optimum dose of gamma irradiated dose and inactivation of virus samples was carried out according to the procedure described by Salehi and coauthors [20]. Briefly; after multiplication of AIV on embryonated SPF (Specific Free Pathogen) chicken eggs, the allantoic fluids were tested using hemagglutination test for Hemagglutinin antigen (HA) titration [20] and virus titration via embryo infective dose (EID50) of infected allantoic fluid was calculated according to the Reed and Muench formula [21,23], Gamma ray dose 30 kGy was recommended for the frozen virus samples [20].…”

Section: Virus and Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At 48 h post stimulation, supernatants of splenic cells were collected to assess interferon (IFN-gamma and IFNalpha) production using a chicken IFNα Biotek. Inc ELISA (Cat No: DIY0908c-003) and chicken IFNγ-Cytoset ELISA kit, Invitrogen (Cat No: CAC1233) following manufacturer's instructions [20,23]. Also the spleen lymphocyte proliferation assay was carried out with Cell Proliferation ELISA, BrdU kit (colorimetric) Roche Cat.…”

Section: Cytokine Assay and Spleen Lymphocyte Proliferation Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Immune Responses and Histopathological Effects against Gamma Irradiated Avian Influenza (Sub type H9N2) Vaccine on Broiler Chicken

Javan

Motamedi-Sedeh²,

Dezfoolian

et al. 2020

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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Vaccination is a good strategy for the prevention of avian influenza virus. In this research Gamma Irradiated Avian Influenza (Sub type H9N2) Vaccine (GAIV) was prepared by 30 kGy irradiation and used for vaccination of broiler chickens. The purpose was a comparison of immune responses in the two routes of administration for the GAIV vaccine; intranasal and subcutaneously, use of Montanide ISA70 and Trehalose accompanied with irradiated vaccine and compare with formalin vaccine. The Influenza Virus A/Chicken/IRN/Ghazvin/2001/H9N2 was irradiated and used for vaccine formulation, and formalin inactivated AIV was used as conventional vaccine. Chickens were vaccinated by GAIV with and without Trehalose, GAIV and formalin vaccines with ISA70, two routes of administration were intranasal and subcutaneously. All the vaccinated chickens showed a significant increase in antibody titration. The most significant increase of antibody titration was in irradiated vaccine plus Trehalose groups intranasal and subcutaneously. After the first and second intranasal vaccination, the amount of IFN-gamma increased in the irradiated vaccine plus Trehalose group compared to other groups. However, most of the vaccinated groups did not show any significant increase of IFN-α concentration. Histopathological examination revealed lymphocyte infiltration (++), foci dispersed of hemorrhage and edema in intranasal vaccination groups and in addition to these, thickening of alveolar septa was observed in the injection groups. GAIV vaccine can be a good candidate for vaccine preparation, and Trehalose as a stabilizer protects viral antigenic proteins, also makes more absorbance of antigen by the inhalation route. In vaccinated chickens the ulcers in injected vaccines were lower than intranasal vaccines. HIGHLIGHTS  Gamma Irradiated Avian Influenza (H9N2) Vaccine was prepared by 30 kGy irradiation.  Broiler chickens were vaccinated by two routs; intranasal and subcutaneously.  All the vaccinated chickens showed a significant increase in antibody titration.  The most increasing of immune responses was in irradiated vaccine plus Trehalose. 2 Motamedi-Sedeh, F.; et al.

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Section: Virus and Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cytokine Assay and Spleen Lymphocyte Proliferation Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Immune Responses and Histopathological Effects against Gamma Irradiated Avian Influenza (Sub type H9N2) Vaccine on Broiler Chicken

Javan

Motamedi-Sedeh²,

Dezfoolian

et al. 2020

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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“…According to positive effects of radiation on biological reagent sterilization and pathogens inactivation, its application for safe vaccines production is increasing. Production of some inactivated vaccines by gamma irradiation such as FMD virus and HSV demonstrated that radiated inactivated viruses retained virus and antigenic structure [16][17][18][19]. Gamma ray is an ionizing radiation which is emitted from the Cobalt-60 isotope and used for virus inactivation without any change in viral proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Response of Gamma-Irradiated Inactivated Bivalent Polio Vaccine Prepared plus Trehalose as a Protein Stabilizer in a Mouse Model

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Poliovirus causes paralysis by infecting the nervous system. Currently, 2 types of polio vaccine are given in many countries in polio eradication program including inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and oral polio vaccine (OPV). Because of OPV-related paralysis, OPV should be replaced by IPV. Methods: The aim of this study was to prepare the gamma-irradiated IPV and determine its effectiveness compared with the commercial vaccine (OPV) in the mouse model. The virus titration of OPV was determined and then inactivated by the appropriate dose of gamma radiation into an irradiated vaccine formula. The vaccine was inoculated in BALB/c mice in 2 different formulations of intramuscular injection with 2-week intervals. The level of anti-polio-neutralizing antibody and polio-specific splenocyte proliferation assay were evaluated by collecting the blood samples and spleens of the vaccinated groups with conventional vaccine and irradiated vaccine. Results: There was a significant increase in the neutralizing antibody titration between all of the vaccinated groups and negative control group (A) (p < 0.05). And it shows that the IPV by gamma irradiation has the highest antibody titration. Also, the increasing of stimulation index value in the B* group, F group, and G group was the most against other groups. Furthermore, the neutralizing anti-serum titer and splenic lymphocyte proliferation assay show humoral and cellular immunity were significantly increased in the irradiated vaccine group as compared with conventional group. Conclusion: According to the results, gamma-irradiated IPV could induce humoral and cellular immunity in vaccinated mouse groups, so the irradiated poliovirus could be recommended as a good candidate vaccine to prevent the transport of poliovirus to the central nervous system and thus protect against paralysis.

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“…Our results contribute to the increasing evidence that the inactivation protocols have to be adapted by virus strain and that many other important factors beyond the concentration of the inactivator itself, such as virus concentration, buffer, incubation time and temperature, have to be considered. Novel inactivation protocols, such as UV and gamma radiation [46] or the use of hydrogen peroxide [13], have already been mentioned in the literature but will need thorough testing and standardization before they can be employed in the context of influenza vaccine production. There are currently new emerging technologies to manufacture influenza vaccines that would not require an inactivation process, such as production of IAV proteins on in vitro cultures or peptides derived from IAV proteins, all showing promising results; yet, egg cultures are currently the cheapest and most efficient way to produce high amounts of vaccines in a relative short amount of time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivated or damaged? Comparing the effect of inactivation methods on influenza virions to optimize vaccine production

Herrera-Rodriguez

Signorazzi

Holtrop

et al. 2019

Vaccine

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a b s t r a c tThe vast majority of commercially available inactivated influenza vaccines are produced from egg-grown or cell-grown live influenza virus. The first step in the production process is virus inactivation with bpropiolactone (BPL) or formaldehyde (FA). Recommendations for production of inactivated vaccines merely define the maximal concentration for both reagents, leaving the optimization of the process to the manufacturers. We assessed the effect of inactivation with BPL and FA on 5 different influenza virus strains. The properties of the viral formulation, such as successful inactivation, preservation of hemagglutinin (HA) binding ability, fusion capacity and the potential to stimulate a Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) reporter cell line were then assessed and compared to the properties of the untreated virus. Inactivation with BPL resulted in undetectable infectivity levels, while FA-treated virus retained very low infectious titers. Hemagglutination and fusion ability were highly affected by those treatments that conferred higher inactivation, with BPL-treated virus binding and fusing at a lower degree compared to FA-inactivated samples. On the other hand, BPL-inactivated virus induced higher levels of activation of TLR7 than FA-inactivated virus. The alterations caused by BPL or FA treatments were virus strain dependent. This data shows that the inactivation procedures should be tailored on the virus strain, and that many other elements beside the concentration of the inactivating agent, such as incubation time and temperature, buffer and virus concentration, have to be defined to achieve a functional product.

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Analysis of antigen conservation and inactivation of gamma-irradiated avian influenza virus subtype H9N2

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Evaluation of Immune Responses and Histopathological Effects against Gamma Irradiated Avian Influenza (Sub type H9N2) Vaccine on Broiler Chicken

Evaluation of Immune Responses and Histopathological Effects against Gamma Irradiated Avian Influenza (Sub type H9N2) Vaccine on Broiler Chicken

Immune Response of Gamma-Irradiated Inactivated Bivalent Polio Vaccine Prepared plus Trehalose as a Protein Stabilizer in a Mouse Model

Inactivated or damaged? Comparing the effect of inactivation methods on influenza virions to optimize vaccine production

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