Analysis of Differentially Expressed Transcripts in Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) Exposed to Different Temperature Coefficient Insecticides

Abstract

The existence of a temperature effect of insecticides frustrated the control of the green plant bug Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür). Previous studies mostly focused on the application of insecticides, but the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here, we report a transcriptome profiling of A. lucorum treated by three kinds of temperature coefficient insecticides (TCIs) (positive TCI: imidacloprid, negative TCI: b-cypermethrin and non-effect TCI: phoxim) at 15 °C, 25 °C and 35 °C by using next- and third-generation RNA-Seq methods. A total of 34,739 transcripts were annotated from 277.74 Gb of clean data. There were more up-regulated transcripts than down-regulated transcripts in all three kinds of TCI treatments. Further Venn diagrams indicate the regulatory transcripts and regulatory modes were different at the three temperatures. The responses to imidacloprid involved more detox and stress response transcripts such as cytochrome P450 (CYP450), carboxylesterase (CarE) and catalase (CAT) at 35 °C, which was the case for beta-cypermethrin at 15 °C. UDP-glucuronyltransferase (UGT) and heat shock protein (HSP) transcripts were heavily involved, and thus deserve particular note in the temperature effect of insecticides. This high-confidence transcriptome atlas provides improved gene information for further study on the insecticide temperature effect related physiological and biochemical processes of A. lucorum.

Transcriptome analysis reveals gene expression differences in Liriomyza trifolii exposed to combined heat and abamectin exposure

“…Previously, Guo et al (2018) showed that elevated temperatures, especially a moderately-high temperature (31 • C), were responsible for enhancing the tolerance of thiamethoxam in Bemisia tabaci by inducing or the specific activities of detoxication enzyme genes, which is consistent with our results. Similar results with high temperatures and insecticide tolerance were reported in Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dur) (An et al, 2020), Agasicles hygrophila (Zhang et al, 2018), and Musca domestica (Scott & Georghiou, 1984).…”

“…High temperatures and insecticides can occur simultaneously during L. trifolii outbreaks, but previous studies have largely ignored the synergistic effects that can accompany these two forms of stress. Climate change, especially global warming, can always increase the frequency of extreme weather events and impact the development, reproduction and survival of insects (Bale et al, 2002;Savage et al, 2004;Frazier, Huey & Berrigan, 2006) and may also induce a heat shock response in insects (Huang, Wang & Kang, 2009;Feng et al, 2010;Sun et al, 2014;An et al, 2020). High temperatures have been becoming a vital menace to the volatility, stability, degradation and metabolism of insecticides when extreme high temperature climate appears frequently, which makes global warming a pivotal factor influencing insect survival and adaption (Goel et al, 1987;Johnson, 1990;Scott, 1995;Bale et al, 2002;Gordon, 2005;An et al, 2020).…”

“…Climate change, especially global warming, can always increase the frequency of extreme weather events and impact the development, reproduction and survival of insects (Bale et al, 2002;Savage et al, 2004;Frazier, Huey & Berrigan, 2006) and may also induce a heat shock response in insects (Huang, Wang & Kang, 2009;Feng et al, 2010;Sun et al, 2014;An et al, 2020). High temperatures have been becoming a vital menace to the volatility, stability, degradation and metabolism of insecticides when extreme high temperature climate appears frequently, which makes global warming a pivotal factor influencing insect survival and adaption (Goel et al, 1987;Johnson, 1990;Scott, 1995;Bale et al, 2002;Gordon, 2005;An et al, 2020). Furthermore, the thermal stress caused by global warming likely induces cascading effects on other functions such as the immune response to insecticides (Travers et al, 2009) and the target sites of insecticides and detoxification mechanisms in insects can be altered by heat stress (Scott & Georghiou, 1984;Weston et al, 2009;Laetz et al, 2014).…”

Xenobiotic responses in insects

“…Another study indicated that the environmental temperature may have strong effects on the xenobiotic response of the green plant bug Apolygus lucorum to various pesticides. This result implies that the insecticide temperature coefficient plays an important role in detoxification efficiency (An et al, 2020).…”

“…Besides these classical detoxification enzymes, the enrichment analyses using databases such as GO, KEGG, and COG indicated the involvement of target gene-encoded proteins and enzymes that belong to other biological processes or functions in the xenobiotic response in different insects. These processes include amino acid metabolism, posttranslational modification, ribosomal biogenesis, cytoskeleton formation, lipids, carbohydrate metabolism, and so on (An et al, 2020;Derecka et al, 2013;X. Liu et al, 2016;N.…”