Analysis of effect of fiber orientation on Young’s modulus for unidirectional fiber reinforced composites

Wang, H.W.; Zhou, Hongwei; Gui, L.L.; Ji, Hong Wei; Zhang, X.C.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.09.020

Cited by 127 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The head linear and rotational accelerations and the neck forces predicted in these simulations were in good agreement with the experimental data. The stiffness and energy absorption capability of composite laminates are functions of fibre orientations in each lamina [52,53]. Hence, by carefully selecting ply orientations of the composite chin bar of the helmet, thus keeping the mass of the helmet constant, it may be possible to reduce the force transmitted to the neck during chin impacts.…”

Section: Helmet Fe Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Chin Bar of a Composite-Shell Helmet to Mitigate the Upper Neck Force

2016

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The chin bar of motorcycle full-face helmets is the most likely region of the helmet to sustain impacts during accidents, with a large percentage of these impacts leading to basilar skull fracture. Currently, helmet chin bars are designed to mitigate the peak acceleration at the centre of gravity of isolated headforms, as required by standards, but they are not designed to mitigate the neck force, which is probably the cause of basilar skull fracture, a type of head injury that can lead to fatalities. Here we test whether it is possible to increase the protection of helmet chin bars while meeting standard requirements. Fibre-reinforced composite shells are commonly used in helmets due to their lightweight and energy absorption characteristics. We optimize the ply orientation of a chin bar made of fibre-reinforced composite layers for reduction of the neck force in a dummy model using a computational approach. We use the finite element model of a human head/neck surrogate and measure the neck axial force, which has been shown to be correlated with the risk of basilar skull fracture. The results show that by varying the orientation of the chin bar plies, thus keeping the helmet mass constant, the neck axial force can be reduced by approximately 30% while ensuring that the helmet complies with the impact attenuation requirements prescribed in helmet standards. KeywordsHelmet, chin bar, upper neck force.

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Section: Helmet Fe Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Chin Bar of a Composite-Shell Helmet to Mitigate the Upper Neck Force

2016

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“…The growing deviation of the composition dependence of the elastic modulus relative to that of the neat matrix from linearity is caused by fiber misalignment, bundling and mechanical length degradation all increasing with v F [4,5,47,48]. The low reinforcing efficiency of the PBO fibers is caused by their weak interfacial adhesion to PMMA as previously reported problematic issue for these fibers [49][50][51][52], extensive fiber bending compromising their unidirectional alignment in tensile direction and local plastic deformation expressed by the presence of the kink bands (Figure 1f) decreasing PBO effective fiber length significantly.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mechanical properties of SFRT are controlled by fiber mechanical properties, volume fraction, their aspect ratio, orientation and adhesion to the matrix [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Most frequently, stiff and brittle glass (GF) or carbon (CF) fibers are used as reinforcement for a wide range of thermoplastic polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toughening of PMMA by short poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) fibers

Zbončák¹,

Jančář²

2018

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. We report on unique enhancement of fracture resistance of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) using short and low bending modulus poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers. While no significant effect of the PBO fibers on stiffness and strength was observed, the strain at break and fracture energy were enhanced substantially. The in situ observations of damage development during the tensile tests showed that the additional extrinsic toughening mechanisms consists of homogenous distribution of micro-cracking and delocalization of the deformation sites to the whole volume of the sample with micro-cracks bridged by the entangled PBO fiber mesh. Employing unique toughening mechanisms of PBO fiber network in hybrid PMMA/CF/PBO composites containing both carbon (CF) and PBO fibers lead to simultaneous enhancement of stiffness, strength and toughness suitable for wide range of engineering applications.

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“…al. [5]). Impact strength of hybrid composites strongly depends upon the selection of reinforcement and layup placement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Impact Strength of Epoxy Based Hybrid Composites Reinforced with E-Glass/Kevlar 49

Jogi¹,

Baloch²,

Chandio³

et al. 2017

Mehran Univ. res. j. eng. technol.

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In hybridization different fibers are stacked layer by layer to produce laminates have specific strength and stiffness and employed in light weight high strength applications. Physically mean fabricated hybrid composites used in aerospace, under water, body armors and armed forces establishment. In present work drop-weight impact response of hybrid composites were investigated by making laminates of hybrid composites. In Hybridization layers of E-glass (roving) and Kevlar 49 fabrics stacked with epoxy resin. The layers formulation was set up by hand layup method. Impregnationsof epoxy resin of commercial grade (601A) in fabrics were accomplished by VRTM (Vacuum Bagging Resin Transfer Molding) technique. Layup placementof Glass fibers/ Kevlar at 0°/90°, 45°/45° and 30°/60° were set for this work. Mechanical properties such as impact strength, bear resistance and break resistance were analyzed by usingASTM D-256 and D-3763 standard.Experimental investigation was conducted using instrumented Dart impact and Izod Impact test. E-glass/Kevlar 49 at layup 0°/90°and 30°/60°exhibited improvedimpact strength than 45°/45°. The surface morphology and fractography were also investigated by capturing different images of Specimens by using the SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). The fiberreinforcement and matrix fracture were also observed by using SEM.The SEM images suggest that epoxy resin tightly bonded with Kevlar fibers whereas Glass fibers were pulled out from laminations.

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Analysis of effect of fiber orientation on Young’s modulus for unidirectional fiber reinforced composites

Cited by 127 publications

References 31 publications

Optimization of the Chin Bar of a Composite-Shell Helmet to Mitigate the Upper Neck Force

Optimization of the Chin Bar of a Composite-Shell Helmet to Mitigate the Upper Neck Force

Toughening of PMMA by short poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) fibers

Evaluation of Impact Strength of Epoxy Based Hybrid Composites Reinforced with E-Glass/Kevlar 49

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