Analysis of gadobenate dimeglumine by capillary zone electrophoresis coupled with electrospray‐mass spectrometry

Abstract

Highly reliable and accurate analytical methods are needed for the determination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents in complex matrices of clinical interest. We demonstrate the reliability of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for the analysis of MultiHance (gadobenate dimeglumine), a gadolinium-based MRI agent. A sheath liquid interface connected the CE system with an electrospray mass spectrometer equipped with an ion-trap analyzer. CZE with ultraviolet (CZE-UV) and with mass detection (CZE-MS) were compared by analyzing gadobenate dimeglumine and the free ligand diluted in water and in biological fluids (i.e., human serum and urine). The optimization of some relevant CZE-MS parameters was accomplished, like CE buffer composition, sheath liquid composition and flow, and type and length of the separation capillary. CZE-UV was highly influenced by the biological sample components, which hindered a reliable quantification of both gadobenate and free ligand in serum and urine. In CZE-MS, on the other hand, the electrophoretic runs turned out to be independent of the clinical matrices, due to the informative potential and to the selectivity of MS detection.

Recent advances in the application of capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometric detection

“…New methods of examination such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) require the development of specific contrast agents. Campa et al [120] presented a CE-MS method for the determination of gadobenate dimeglumine (an MRI contrast agent) in various body fluids such as serum or urine. The use of an MS detector was found to be crucial as preliminary investigations revealed that UV detection was significantly biased by the matrix components of the biological samples.…”

Overview on advances in capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry of carbohydrates: A tabulated review

“…Moreover, the problem of comigrating peaks was resolved with the obtainment of structural information arising from the use of a mass spectrometer detector. It has not been possible to reach the sensitivity achievable with pre-or postcolumn derivatization; however, the proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of carbohydrates in red and white wine samples with better limits of detection with respect to those previously found with CE-UV methods [84]. A different carbohydrate profile was noticed for the two types of wine and, in general, the white one resulted richer in sugar content.…”

Capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry, an attractive tool for drug bioanalysis and biomarker discovery

“…Campa et al [24] investigated the analysis of gadobenate dimeglumine, a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent, and its free ligand in water as well as in biological fluids (i.e. human serum and urine) by CZE-UV and CZE-MS.…”

“…Nevertheless, these sophisticated sample preparation procedures are often tedious and time-consuming. Therefore, some CE-MS applications involving sample filtration [24], protein precipitation and ultrafiltration [17] or dilution [25,26] were reported, MS being a very high selective detector. Zheng et al [17] analysed lamotrigine, an antiepileptic drug, in human plasma using CZE coupled with ESI-MS.…”