Analysis of gender differences on pyriform aperture of human skulls using geometric morphometric method

Sarač-Hadžihalilović, Aida; Ajanović, Zurifa; Hasanbegovic, Ilvana; Šljuka, Senad; Rakanović-Todić, Maida; Aganovic, I.; Prazina, Irfan; Kapo, Safet; Hadziselimovic, Rifat

doi:10.5603/fm.a2021.0080

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The results of studies conducted on a sample of skulls from the Bosnian population showed the existence of sex differences on different parts of the skull with the application of different methodologies [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Geometric Morphometrics Approach for Sex Estimation Based on the Orbital Region of Human Skulls from Bosnian Population

Ajanović

Dervišević

et al. 2023

Scanning

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Background. Understanding the anatomy and morphological variability of the orbital region is of great importance in clinical practice, forensic medicine, and biological anthropology. Several methods are used to estimate sex based on the skeleton or parts of the skeleton: classic methods and the geometric morphometric method. The objective of this research was to analyse sex estimation of the orbital region on a sample of skulls from a Bosnian population using the geometric morphometric method. Materials and Methods. The research was conducted on three-dimensional models of 211 human adult skulls (139 males and 72 females) from the Osteological Collection at the Faculty of Medicine in Sarajevo. The skulls were recorded using a laser scanner to obtain skull 3D models. We marked 12 landmarks on each model to analyse sexual dimorphism. Landmarks were marked using the program Landmark Editor. After marking the landmarks, we used the MorphoJ program to analyse the morphological variability between male and female orbital regions. Results. After Procrustes superimposition, generating a covariant matrix, and introducing sex as a variable for classification, a discriminant functional analysis (DFA) was applied which determined the estimation for males with 86.33% accuracy and for females with 88.89% based on the form of the orbital region. The results of regression analysis showed that the size of the orbital region has a statistically significant effect on its shape’s sexual dimorphism. After excluding the influence of size and providing DFA, we concluded that sex estimation was possible with 82.01% accuracy for males and 80.55% accuracy for females based on the shape of the orbital region in the examined sample. Conclusion. Sex estimation based on the orbital region was possible with more than 80% accuracy for both sexes, which is a high percentage of correct estimation. Therefore, we recommend using the orbital region of the skull for sex estimation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Geometric Morphometrics Approach for Sex Estimation Based on the Orbital Region of Human Skulls from Bosnian Population

Ajanović

Dervišević

et al. 2023

Scanning

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“…Cranial measurements have strong sex discriminating power. The nasal bone is less in breath in females [11][12][13][14][15]. In many studies, the main focus is on the glabellar region; a new quantitative method is used to estimate frontal inclination for sex determination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age And Sex Determination Using CT scan Nasal Bone Imaging

Dudhbade¹,

Tivaskar²,

Barai³

et al. 2022

Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results

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Age and sex determination are crucial in the biological identification of the remaining skeleton, especially in forensic circumstances. This study's main important focus is to gauge the dimension such as distance, width, size, and structure of the cranial bone. It still becomes most laborious when the body has been reduced to a skeleton. Between men and women: In men, the height or width of the nasal bone is higher than in women. The cranial capacity is higher in females as compared to males. The main task of this examination was sex estimation through the geometric morphometric analysis of the frontal bone. Occurred distinction in structure and magnitude through the glabellar region. The parameters of different components are used to determine sex, i.e., nasal aperture, etc.; Multi-Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) helps in sex determination. MDCT plays a vital role in identifying age, sex, and determination using scans of various cranial bone parts. Computed tomography provides good image acquisition, greater spatial resolution, and excellent accuracy. This study's focus on forensics is to estimate the measurements such as length, width, etc. Glabella separated the female and male skulls with reasonable accuracy. For sex determination, mastoid size, nasal height measurements, and various anthropometric methods are used. Some studies indicate a distinguished purpose that also helps to determine the sex from the remaining skeleton. The main motive of this study is to present sex using a piriform aperture from a fragmented skull. The mean value of nasal height, nasal width, and nasal index is higher in men than women. The growth nasal septum is monitored in paediatrics for one year because the paediatrics gradually develop nasal septum during one year. In forensic circumstances, there is only one anatomical structure to determine sex and ages better. The lower region of the face is more different than the upper section of the face. In the Gastrointestinal intestinal period, nose length rises from 3.3 mm to roughly 16 weeks. At different ages, nose parameter is identified using MRI and magnetic resonance imaging; nasal structure and size are constant or growing after 35-year man and women. After a period of 45-year, thickness in the soft tissue of craniofacial.

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“…Quantitative methods are based on measuring linear diameters on skeletal remains or on CT scans, as well as radiographic images of skeletal remains or part of skeletal remains. (Sarac-Hadzihalilovic et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Franklin et al (2006) in their study conducted on the crania of indigenous southern Africans used geometric morphometrics method for analysis of sexual dimorphism. Sarac-Hadzihalilovic et al (2021) used geometric morphometrics method for analysis of sex differences on piriform aperture of human skulls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Estimation Based on Foramen Magnum: A Three-Dimensional Geometric Morphometrics Approach

Ajanović

Dervišević

et al. 2023

Int. J. Morphol.

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The foramen magnum is an important topographic opening which connects cranial cavity and spinal canal. The analysis of the bone material established that there are differences in the shape of the foramen magnum between individuals. The aim of this study was to determine sex based on shape and size of foramen magnum using geometric morphometrics method. A study was performed on three-dimensional models (3D models) of 214 human skulls of known sex and known age (141 male skulls and 73 female skulls). The skulls are located at the museum of Medical Faculty, University of Sarajevo. Skulls belong to Bosnian population from the mid-twentieth century. All examined skulls were scanned with a laser scanner to obtain their 3D models. On 3D models of the examined skulls, four landmarks were marked on foramen magnum. Analysis of sex determination was performed using the MorphoJ program. Results of this study showed that there are sex differences in the shape and size of the foramen magnum. Sex determination based on the shape and size of the foramen magnum was showed 65.25 % accuracy for male and 63.01 % accuracy for female using geometric morphometrics method. Examination of the effect of size of foramen magnum on sexual dimorphism of shape of foramen magnum showed a statistically significant effect. Sex determination based just on the shape of foramen magnum using geometric morphometrics method was possible with 62.41 % accuracy for male and 58.90 % accuracy for female on examined sample. Sex differences on shape and size of foramen magnum were found using geometric morphometrics method on three-dimensional models of the examined skulls. The percentage of accuracy was higher for male based on the shape and size of the foramen magnum than for female.

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Analysis of gender differences on pyriform aperture of human skulls using geometric morphometric method

Abstract: This article has been peer reviewed and published immediately upon acceptance.It is an open access article, which means that it can be downloaded, printed, and distributed freely, provided the work is properly cited. Articles in "Folia Morphologica" are listed in PubMed.

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

A Geometric Morphometrics Approach for Sex Estimation Based on the Orbital Region of Human Skulls from Bosnian Population

A Geometric Morphometrics Approach for Sex Estimation Based on the Orbital Region of Human Skulls from Bosnian Population

Age And Sex Determination Using CT scan Nasal Bone Imaging

Sex Estimation Based on Foramen Magnum: A Three-Dimensional Geometric Morphometrics Approach

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