Analysis of Interaction Spaces for VR in Public Transport Systems

Schmelter, Thereza; Hildebrand, Kristian

doi:10.1109/vrw50115.2020.00058

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Participants wanted to avoid the perception of invading others' personal space. As discussed, a body of research has reflected on what we interpret to be our private space [18,33,52,55], and our findings add to this the importance of perception of a 3D personal space mixes with the affordances and constraints of the transport environment.…”

Section: Tension Between Physical Comfort and Social Discomfortsupporting

confidence: 55%

From Shielding to Avoidance: Passenger Augmented Reality and the Layout of Virtual Displays for Productivity in Shared Transit

Medeiros

McGill

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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Passengers spend considerable periods of time in shared transit spaces, relying on smartphones and laptops for work. However, these displays are limited in size and ergonomics compared to typical multi-monitor setups used in the office, impairing productivity. Augmented Reality (AR) headsets could provide large, flexible virtual workspaces during travel, enabling passengers to work more efficiently. This paper investigates the factors affecting how passengers choose to layout virtual displays in car, train, subway and plane environments, studying the affordances of each mode of transport and the presence of others. Results from our experiment showed: significant usage of the physical environment to align displays; strong social effects meant avoiding placing displays over other passengers or their belongings; and use of displays for shielding oneself from others. Our findings show the unique challenges posed by the mode of transport and presence of others on the use of AR for mobile productivity in the future. .

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Section: Tension Between Physical Comfort and Social Discomfortsupporting

confidence: 55%

From Shielding to Avoidance: Passenger Augmented Reality and the Layout of Virtual Displays for Productivity in Shared Transit

Medeiros

McGill

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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“…The use of Virtual and Augmented Reality (collectively XR) in transport settings, such as autonomous vehicles [17,46,51], trains/buses [4,5,49] and aeroplanes [2,36,45,60] is becoming an area of research and industrial focus. Early vehicular VR research instrumented cars with orientation, velocity and location sensors and used the data to drive immersive game [16] or media [29] experiences that followed the motion of the car.…”

Section: Vr On Passenger Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on these principles, researchers have developed several applications, including driver interfaces [8,12], rear-seat productivity [23], mindfulness experiences [40], AR games [56] and motion sickness mitigations [24,29], a key challenge in vehicular XR [30]. More recently, research and industry has broadened the use of VR to planes [2,36,45,60], trains [5,49] and buses [4]. However, travel spaces are very different from traditional XR interaction spaces in homes and offices, and research is only beginning to explore how XR experiences should be designed to suit the physical and social constraints of transport seating.…”

Section: Vr On Passenger Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Lack of Restraint: Comparing Virtual Reality Interaction Techniques for Constrained Transport Seating

Wilson

McGill

Medeiros

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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Standalone Virtual Reality (VR) headsets can be used when travelling in cars, trains and planes. However, the constrained spaces around transport seating can leave users with little physical space in which to interact using their hands or controllers, and can increase the risk of invading other passengers' personal space or hitting nearby objects and surfaces. This hinders transport VR users from using most commercial VR applications, which are designed for unobstructed 1-2m 360°home spaces. In this paper, we investigated whether three at-a-distance interaction techniques from the literature could be adapted to support common commercial VR movement inputs and so equalise the interaction capabilities of at-home and on-transport users: Linear Gain, Gaze-Supported Remote Hand, and AlphaCursor. First, we analysed commercial VR experiences to identify the most common movement inputs so that we could create gamified tasks based on them. We then investigated how well each technique could support these inputs from a constrained 50x50cm space (representative of an economy plane seat) through a user study (N=16), where participants played all three games with each technique. We measured task performance, unsafe movements (play boundary violations, total arm movement) and subjective experience and compared results to a control 'at-home' condition (with unconstrained movement) to determine how similar performance and experience were. Results showed that Linear Gain was the best technique, with similar performance and user experience to the 'at-home' condition, albeit at the expense of a high number of boundary violations and large arm movements. In contrast, AlphaCursor kept users within bounds and minimised arm movement, but suffered from poorer performance and experience. Based on the results, we provide eight guidelines for the use of, and research into, at-a-distance techniques and constrained spaces.

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“…The idea of VR headset use in public space has been studied by the HCI community, revealing key challenges that need to be overcome for wider VR adoption in social settings. Engaging with VR in public evokes worries and creates risks for safety, including physically colliding and accidental bumping into other people [17,7,35,3,29], especially those in close proximity [18]. Although little research has looked at VR use whilst travelling, several authors have discussed the challenges that these contexts add.…”

Section: Motivation and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although little research has looked at VR use whilst travelling, several authors have discussed the challenges that these contexts add. The lack of awareness of one's belongings [3] and surrounding furniture [29], missing a destination stop, or an important travel announcement [3,35] were among key concerns for passengers. Social acceptability was another challenge found to be a barrier for wider VR adoption in public [19,20,28,35], showing that the action of using the headset also needs to be seen as appropriate by the passengers themselves and observers, preventing the concerns for privacy [9,35] or feeling like you look "stupid" [3].…”

Section: Motivation and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Reality Anchors”: Bringing Cues from Reality into VR on Public Transport to Alleviate Safety and Comfort Concerns

Bajorunaite

Brewster

Williamson

2022

CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts

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Virtual Reality (VR) headsets have the unique capability to create private virtual content anywhere around the user, going beyond the capacities of traditional devices, but are not widely used while travelling, due to safety and comfort concerns. Showing objects from reality -"Reality Anchors" -could help reduce these concerns. We present a user study (N=20) that investigates how the use of real-world cues and different VR environments affect users' feelings of safety, social acceptability, awareness, presence, escapism and immersion, which are key barriers to VR adoption. Our findings show that knowing where other people are on the bus could significantly reduce concerns associated with VR use in transit, resulting in increased feelings of safety, social acceptability and awareness, but with the concession that the user's immersion may be reduced. The VR environment also affected the level of immersion and the feelings of escapism, with a 360-video environment returning higher scores than a 2D one. CCS CONCEPTS• Human-centered computing → Virtual reality • Human-centered computing → User studies

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Analysis of Interaction Spaces for VR in Public Transport Systems

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

From Shielding to Avoidance: Passenger Augmented Reality and the Layout of Virtual Displays for Productivity in Shared Transit

From Shielding to Avoidance: Passenger Augmented Reality and the Layout of Virtual Displays for Productivity in Shared Transit

A Lack of Restraint: Comparing Virtual Reality Interaction Techniques for Constrained Transport Seating

“Reality Anchors”: Bringing Cues from Reality into VR on Public Transport to Alleviate Safety and Comfort Concerns

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