Analysis of necessary primary reserve of a high wind penetration power system

Zhao, Dan; Feng, Xichao; Gong, Yanqun; Zhang, Bo; Jiang, Xunzhi

doi:10.1049/joe.2018.8855

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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Section: ) Wind Turbine Generatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The principle of power system primary reserve is that N-1 faults do not engender the operation of low-frequency load shedding relays [199]. A simulation analysis of dynamic frequency response behavior of a power system with different levels of wind penetration and the required amount of primary reserve to be rendered by WPPs was conducted by Zhao et al [199]. A simulation analysis of a coordinated control approach for inertia, and combined inertia-PFR support between WPPs and conventional generators on frequency characteristics of a power system was investigated by Ataee et al [200].…”

Section: ) Wind Turbine Generatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Frequency Event Detection and Mitigation in Power Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

Farooq

Bass

2022

IEEE Access

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Modern power systems characterized by complex topologies require accurate situational awareness to maintain an adequate level of reliability. Since they are large and spread over wide geographical areas, it is inevitable that failures will occur. Various generation and transmission disturbances, such as generator and transmission line tripping and load disconnection, give rise to a mismatch between generation and demand, which manifest as frequency events. These events can take the form of negligible frequency deviations or more severe emergencies that can precipitate cascading outages, depending on the severity of the disturbance and efficacy of remedial action schema. The impacts of such events have become more critical recently due to increased levels of renewable penetration and distributed energy resources, which have caused a decline in system synchronous inertia. Due to the repercussions, it is indispensable to arrest such disturbances on time by activating primary frequency control measures. In this paper, a comprehensive systematic literature review is presented on the techniques used for event detection in power systems and the methods of primary frequency response in modern power systems. The paper also highlights the impacts of severe frequency events within power systems.

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Section: ) Wind Turbine Generatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Wind Turbine Generatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency Event Detection and Mitigation in Power Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

Farooq

Bass

2022

IEEE Access

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“…The adaptation of wind power generators for the provisioning of PFR is feasible and necessary [32][33][34]. Several variations of droop control have been proposed for wind generators [4,5,35,36].…”

Section: Photovoltaic and Other Sources Of Renewable Power Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Virtual Power Plant Solution for Aggregating Photovoltaic Systems and Other Distributed Energy Resources for Northern European Primary Frequency Reserves

et al. 2021

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Primary frequency reserves in Northern Europe have traditionally been provided with hydro plants and fossil fuel-burning spinning reserves. Recently, smart distributed energy resources have been equipped with functionality needed to participate on frequency reserves. Key categories of such resources include photovoltaic systems, batteries, and smart loads. Most of these resources are small and cannot provide the minimum controllable power required to participate on frequency reserves. Thus, virtual power plants have been used to aggregate the resources and trade them on the frequency reserves markets. The information technology aspects of virtual power plants are proprietary and many of the details have not been made public. The first contribution of this article is to propose a generic data model and application programming interface for a virtual power plant with the above-mentioned capabilities. The second contribution is to use the application programming interface to cope with the unpredictability of the frequency reserve capacity that the photovoltaic systems and other distributed energy resources are able to provide to the frequency reserves markets in the upcoming bidding period. The contributions are demonstrated with an operational virtual power plant installation at a Northern European shopping center, aggregating photovoltaic Primary Frequency Reserves resources.

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“…To respond to international calls and meet the increasing demand for electric power, renewable energy and power electronic equipment have been widely applied in the electric power industry (Harker Steele et al, 2021;Holjevac et al, 2021;Zhang Z. et al, 2022), and the power network's capacity to absorb new energy power generation has also been continuously improved. However, because of some characteristic restrictions and technical limitations such as unstable output, poor controllability, and complex structure, new energy and power electronic equipment do not participate in conventional frequency regulation tasks temporarily, which will undoubtedly reduce the frequency support capacity of the power network in the same proportion (Zhao D. et al, 2019;Meegahapola et al, 2020;Ouyang et al, 2021). At present, when the PFM task of a power network still mainly depends on thermal power units, to ensure the safety and stability of the power network and the power quality of its supply, the power system has asked for higher requirements for the performance of the PFM (Liu et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Primary Frequency Modulation Online Monitoring and Assessment Management System Under “Master–Sub” Control Station Model

Liu²,

Song³

2022

Front. Energy Res.

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In a modern power system, to realize the safe operation of units and maintain the frequency stability of the power network, various means of frequency modulation can be adopted. However, there are some deficiencies in the real-time monitoring and assessment management of primary frequency modulation (PFM). To solve these problems, a PFM online monitoring and management method based on the “master–sub” control station model in a wide area measurement system (WAMS) is proposed as a control strategy to support frequency modulation of units and assist power network assessment. In the hybrid monitoring system strategy of the master control station and sub control station, the sub control station is built locally in the power plant to monitor the operational status of the unit in real-time and calculate the PFM assessment index. The master control station is built in the dispatching center, receiving the assessment data uploaded by the sub control station and sending the PFM simulation test instruction. This strategy can effectively improve the real-time performance of dynamic monitoring and parameter calculation, and reduce the probability of frame loss and communication instability in long-distance data transmission. The experimental results show that the PFM online monitoring management control strategy based on the “master–sub” control station model can effectively monitor the unit and provide data support for PFM assessment.

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Analysis of necessary primary reserve of a high wind penetration power system

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Frequency Event Detection and Mitigation in Power Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

Frequency Event Detection and Mitigation in Power Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

A Virtual Power Plant Solution for Aggregating Photovoltaic Systems and Other Distributed Energy Resources for Northern European Primary Frequency Reserves

Research on Primary Frequency Modulation Online Monitoring and Assessment Management System Under “Master–Sub” Control Station Model

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