Analysis of non-isothermal mold filling process in resin transfer molding (RTM) and structural reaction injection molding (SRIM)

Chang, W. J.; Kikuchi, Noboru

doi:10.1007/bf00369882

Cited by 28 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Many industrial processes are non-isothermal processes, where the temperature changes during the process and has a significant influence on the process flow (such as plastics injection molding and extrusion, heat treatment of steel, and food processing) [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. For industrial processes, one of the crucial aspects is the length of the cooling phase, as it influences the time needed to finish the manufacturing process [ 40 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Transfer Analysis of 3D Printed Wax Injection Mold Used in Investment Casting

et al. 2022

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Investment casting is one of the precise casting methods where disposable wax patterns made in wax injection molds are used to make a casting mold. The production capacity of precision foundry is determined by the time taken for producing wax patterns, which depends on the time taken for wax solidification. Wax injection molds are usually made of aluminum or copper alloys with the use of expensive and time-consuming computer numerical control (CNC) processing, which makes low-volume production unprofitable. To reduce these costs, the authors present a heat transfer analysis of a 3D printed wax injection mold. Due to the low thermal conductivity of the photopolymer resin, the influence of different cooling channels’ shapes was investigated to improve the time of the manufacturing process. Transient thermal analysis was performed using COMSOL software based on the finite element method (FEM) and included a simulation of wax injection mold cooling with cold air (−23 °C), water, and without cooling. The analysis showed that use of cooling channels in the case of photopolymer material significantly reduces the solidification time of the sample (about 10 s shorter), and that under certain conditions, it is possible to obtain better cooling than obtained with the aluminum reference wax injection mold (after approximately 25–30 s). This approach allows to reduce the production costs of low-volume castings.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Transfer Analysis of 3D Printed Wax Injection Mold Used in Investment Casting

et al. 2022

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“…The linear and nonlinear equations given in Eqs. (10) and (12), respectively, comprise the two approaches presently suggested for treating temperature-dependent steady-statethermal conductivity.It is implied that the macrolevel equations are nonlinear regardless of whether the microlevelequations(10) or (12) are linear or nonlinear. In a later section, illustrative cases will demonstrate differences between the approaches.…”

Section: It Is Then Immediately Clear That Eq (10) Is the Linearizmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The former provides a smeared set of properties to be used in the macro eld equations, and the latter provides an estimate of microlevel information based on the macro eld solution. This is what makes AEH more attractive than traditional and so-termed homogenization-onlyapproaches.The bene ts of the multiscale caPresented as Paper 99-0878 at the AIAA 37th Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Reno, NV, 11-14 January 1999; received 5 April 1999; revision received 10 April 2000; accepted for publication 10 pabilitiesof AEH for nonlinearlocal effectshave been demonstrated only recently in stress analysis. 5¡8 Although limited developments are available in homogenization of linear conductivity, 9;10 no efforts to date have treated the nonlinear temperature dependence of conductivityor shown how such approachessubstantiatethe results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homogenization of Temperature-Dependent Thermal Conductivity in Composite Materials

Chung

Tamma

Namburu

2001

Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer

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Of the various homogenization approaches, the asymptotic expansion homogenization (AEH) approach for homogenizing nonlinear composite material properties continues to grow in prominence due to its ability to handle complex microstructural shapes while relating continuum elds of different scales. The objective is to study the AEH approach for nonlinear thermal heat conduction with temperature-dependent conductivity. First, two approaches are proposed to investigate the sensitivity of the homogenized conductivity to higher-order terms of the asymptotic series. Under conditions of symmetry such as in unidirectional composites, the two approaches give the same homogenized properties. Then validations are shown for unidirectional composites for changing volume fraction and temperature. The validations are performed using measurements and analytical formulas available in the literature. The ndings show good agreement between the present numerical predictions and independent results. Finally, a simple nonlinear steady-state heat conduction problem is demonstrated to illustrate the multi-scale procedure. The numerically predicted results are veri ed using a Runge-Kutta solution.

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“…During the infiltration stage of RTM, the temperature is constantly evolving due to the interaction between the preheated mold and preform, the cool injected resin and the exothermic nature of resin curing. This complex process has been simplified in RTM models using an equilibrium energy model, whereby the liquid (resin and/or air) and solid (fiber) phases are treated as though they are at the same temperature locally within the domain [14][15][16][17][18]. The main rationale for this assumption has been that, despite the different thermophysical properties of the fiber and resin, the resin has a slow velocity within the mold therefore permitting the different phases to locally be at effectively the same temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of a Non-Equilibrium Energy Model for Resin Transfer Molding Simulations

Sherratt

Straatman²,

DeGroot³

et al. 2022

J. Compos. Sci.

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Due to the high design freedom and weight specific properties carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) offer significant potential in light-weighting applications, specifically in the automotive sector. The demand for medium to high production quantities with consistent material properties has paved the way for the use of high-pressure resin transfer molding (HP-RTM). Due to high experimental cost and number of the operational parameters the development of numerical simulations to predict part quality is growing. Despite this, erroneous assumptions and simplifications limit the application of HP-RTM models, specifically with regards to the energy models used to model the heat transfer occurring during infiltration. The current work investigates the operating parameters at which the thermal non-equilibrium energy model’s increased computational cost and complexity is worth added accuracy. It was found that in nearly all cases, using the thermal non-equilibrium is required to obtain an accurate prediction of the temperature development and resulting final properties within the mold after the infiltration process.

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Analysis of non-isothermal mold filling process in resin transfer molding (RTM) and structural reaction injection molding (SRIM)

Cited by 28 publications

References 16 publications

Heat Transfer Analysis of 3D Printed Wax Injection Mold Used in Investment Casting

Heat Transfer Analysis of 3D Printed Wax Injection Mold Used in Investment Casting

Homogenization of Temperature-Dependent Thermal Conductivity in Composite Materials

Investigation of a Non-Equilibrium Energy Model for Resin Transfer Molding Simulations

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