Analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolates from chickens and chicken meat products in Malaysia using PFGE, and MLST

Abstract

Background Salmonella is a very important foodborne pathogen causing illness in humans. The emergence of drug-resistant strains also constitutes a serious worry to global health and livestock productivity. This study investigated Salmonella isolates from chicken and chicken meat products using the phenotypic antimicrobial screening as well as the molecular characteristics of Salmonella isolates. Upon serotyping of the isolates, the antimicrobial susceptibility profiling using a panel of 9 commonly used antimicrobials was done. Subsequently, the molecular profiles of all the isolates were further determined using Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and the Whole Genome Multi-Locus Sequence Type (wgMLST) analysis in order to obtain the sequence types. Results The PFGE data was input into FPQuest software, and the dendrogram generated was studied for possible genetic relatedness among the isolates. All the isolates were found to belong to the Salmonella Enteritidis serotype with notable resistance to tetracycline, gentamycin, streptomycin, and sulfadimidine. The S. Enteritidis isolates tested predominantly subtyped into the ST11 and ST1925, which was found to be a single cell variant of ST11. The STs were found to occur in chicken meats, foods, and live chicken cloacal swabs, which may indicate the persistence of the bacteria in multiple foci. Conclusion The data demonstrate the presence of S. Enteritidis among chickens, indicating its preference and reservoir status for enteric Salmonella pathogens.

Virulence Gene Profile, Antimicrobial Resistance and Multilocus Sequence Typing of Salmonella enterica Subsp. enterica Serovar Enteritidis from Chickens and Chicken Products

“…It is also frequently incriminated in foodborne outbreaks [ 6 ]. In recent years, the world has been witnessing the emergence of invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella lineages with an extended multidrug-resistance range [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The emergence, although variable, represents a major public health concern, especially in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa [ 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Discerning the Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence, and Phylogenetic Relatedness of Salmonella Isolates Across the Human, Poultry, and Food Materials Sources in Malaysia

“…Gastro-enteric infection as a result of S. Enteritidis has persisted in Malaysia and continues to be a serious public health problem ( Thung et al, 2016 ; Zakaria et al, 2020 ). The incidence rate has steadily increased in recent years, and this may be attributed to the unhygienic mode of handling and processing of food, especially poultry and poultry products ( Thung et al, 2018 ; Mohan et al, 2019 ).…”

Antimicrobial Resistance and PFGE Molecular Typing of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum Isolates from Chickens in South Korea from 2013 to 2018

“…This method is based on genomic differences between isolates. It is these differences accumulated by genetic variation that cause slight detectable differences between DNA fingerprint patterns [ 16 ].…”