Analysis of Stresses in a Tapered Roller Bearing Using Three-Dimensional Photoelasticity and Stereolithography

Vieira, Filipe Gomes; Scari, Alexandre da Silva; Júnior, Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães; Martins, Jordana Simões Ribeiro; Magalhães, Cristina Almeida

doi:10.3390/ma12203427

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Experimental stress analysts have in recent years rediscovered experimental methods as being more realistic tools and this has led to a re-birth of 3-dimensional photoelasticity 5 . Modern manufacturing technologies such as rapid prototyping (3-D printing) and digital photoelasticity have also made 3-D photoelasticity an attractive alternative tool for stress analysis compared to FEM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastomeric seal stress analysis using photoelastic experimental hybrid method

Mose

Shin

Alunda³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Stress freezing is an important and powerful procedure in 3-dimensional experimental stress analysis using photoelasticity. The application of the stress freezing technique to extract stress components from loaded engineering structures has, however, declined over the years even though its principles are well established. This is attributed to huge costs arising from energy consumption during the process. In addition, significant time is needed to generate the desired information from isoclinic and isochromatic fringes. To overcome the limitations of stress freezing in photoelasticity and transform it into an economical device for stress analysis in an engineering environment, a new stress freezing cycle that lasts 5 h is proposed. The proposed technique is used in several applications of elastomeric seals with different cross-sectional profiles to assess their suitability. It was found that reducing the cycle time can lead to huge energy savings without compromising the quality of the fringes. Moreover, the use of isochromatic only to extract stress components leads to a shorter processing time to achieve desirable information since the process of obtaining isoclinic data is involving. In this paper, results of stress analysis from stress-frozen elastomeric seals with various cross-sections using the new stress freezing cycle are presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastomeric seal stress analysis using photoelastic experimental hybrid method

Mose

Shin

Alunda³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Rolling friction is a subject related to the losses from rolling contacts, and it has been studied by classical methods and dedicated equipment [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. The modern and various engineering applications of rolling motion such as spherical robots [ 14 ], granular materials from pharmacy [ 15 ], or as solid lubricants [ 16 ] in agriculture [ 17 ], sports [ 18 ], and mainly automotive [ 19 ] require new investigation methods and techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Nonlinear Dependence of Rolling Friction Moment on the Normal Force for Elastic Materials

2022

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Analogous to the Amonton–Coulomb relation, which states the linear dependency between the dynamic sliding friction and the normal reaction, the rolling friction moment is commonly accepted as proportional to the normal reaction in a concentrated point contact. This hypothesis persists since it gives simple dynamic models and also due to difficulties met in experimental estimations of the rolling friction torques. Recent theoretical studies proved that this dependency is nonlinear even for elastic materials. A special rotor is designed, with an adjustable position for the center of mass but with constant mass and constant axial inertia moment. The pure rolling motion of the rotor on an inclined controlled small slope is studied. The angular acceleration of motion is theoretically deduced, assuming that the rolling friction torque is proportional to the normal force raised at a certain power. The deduced theoretical dynamic model evidences the influence of the eccentricity of the rotor upon the acceleration. For the particular case of linear dependency—the exponent of the power equal to one, the law of motion is independent of the configuration of the rotor. Experimental tests were made using the rotor constructed according to the theoretical model. For two positions of the center of mass, the experimental law of motion on the inclined plane is established by a non-contact method and the two different laws obtained to validate the nonlinear dependence rolling friction torque-normal force. The paper validates in an experimental manner the considered nonlinear assumption. The experimental tests concerning the microtopography of the contacting surfaces reveal that the hypothesis required by Hertzian theory, namely smooth contacting surfaces, is not satisfied. Thus, the distribution of pressure on the contact area does not obey the Hertzian semi-ellipsoidal distribution and further experimental tests are required for quantitative findings on the rolling friction torque-normal force relationship.

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“…The photoelastic method presents an advantage, compared to other experimental methods, that allows finding the whole stress field from the analysed specimen. Due to the advantages such as precision and rapidness, the photoelastic method continues to be one of the most effective methods for establishing the stress concentration factor [54][55][56][57]. The validation of a model can be obtained in two manners: qualitatively, by comparing the theoretical/numerical fields with the experimental ones provided by isochromatics (curves obtained for the constant difference between the normal principal stresses) [58,59], and quantitatively, by finding the complete stress tensor field; this requires finding, in addition to the isochromatic fields, the isoclinic fields (curves for which the directions of the principal stresses are the same) and the isopachic fields (curves for which the sum of the normal principal stresses is constant) [60][61][62][63].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress State in an Eccentric Elastic Ring Loaded Symmetrically by Concentrated Forces

2022

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The stress state from an eccentric ring made of an elastic material symmetrically loaded on the outer boundary by concentrated forces is deduced. The analytical results are obtained using the Airy stress function expressed in bipolar coordinates. The elastic potential corresponding to the same loading but for a compact disk is first written in bipolar coordinates, then expanded in Fourier series, and after that, an auxiliary potential of a convenient form is added to it in order to impose boundary conditions. Since the inner boundary is unloaded, boundary conditions may be applied directly to the total potential. A special focus is on the number of terms from Fourier expansion of the potential in bipolar coordinates corresponding to the compact disk as this number influences the sudden increase if the coefficients from the final form of the total potential. Theoretical results are validated both by using finite element software and experimentally through the photoelastic method, for which a device for sample loading was designed and constructed. Isochromatic fields were considered for the photoelastic method. Six loading cases for two different geometries of the ring were studied. For all the analysed cases, an excellent agreement between the analytical, numerical and experimental results was achieved. Finally, for all the situations considered, the stress concentration effect of the inner hole was analytically determined. It should be mentioned that as the eccentricity of the inner hole decreases, the integrals from the relations of the total elastic potential present a diminishing convergence in the vicinity of the inner boundary.

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Analysis of Stresses in a Tapered Roller Bearing Using Three-Dimensional Photoelasticity and Stereolithography

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Elastomeric seal stress analysis using photoelastic experimental hybrid method

Elastomeric seal stress analysis using photoelastic experimental hybrid method

Validation of Nonlinear Dependence of Rolling Friction Moment on the Normal Force for Elastic Materials

Stress State in an Eccentric Elastic Ring Loaded Symmetrically by Concentrated Forces

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