Analysis of the blood bacterial composition of patients with acute coronary syndrome and chronic coronary syndrome

Abstract

Emerging evidence revealed that the blood microbiota plays a role in several non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease. However, the role of circulating microbes in atherosclerosis remains understudied. To test this hypothesis, we performed this study to investigate the microbial profile in the blood of Chines atherosclerosis volunteers. A total of seventy Acute Coronary Syndrome patients, seventy Chronic Coronary Syndrome patients, and seventy healthy individuals were examined using high-throughput Illumina Novaseq targeting the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. The relationship between atherosclerosis and blood microbiome, clinical variables, and their functional pathways were also investigated. Our study observed significantly higher alpha diversity indices (Chao1, p = 0.001, and Shannon, p = 0.004) in the acute coronary syndrome group compared with chronic coronary syndrome and healthy group, although a significantly lower alpha diversity was observed in the chronic coronary syndrome compared to acute coronary syndrome and healthy group. Beta diversity based on principal coordinate analysis demonstrated a major separation among the three groups. In addition, using linear discriminant analysis, a significant distinct taxon such as Actinobacteria _ phylum, and Staphylococcus_ genus in the healthy group; Firmicutes_ phylum, and Lactobacillus_ genus in the chronic coronary syndrome group, and Proteobacteria and Acidobacteriota _ phyla in acute coronary syndrome group were observed among three groups. Clusters of Orthologous Genes grouped and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways suggested a significant variation among all groups (p < 0.05). The blood microbiota analysis provides potential biomarkers for the detection of coronary syndromes in this population.

Circulating microbiota and metabolites: Insights into cardiovascular diseases

“…Our study observed a significantly higher alpha diversity (Chao1, p = 0.001 and Shannon indices, p = 0.004) in the acute coronary syndrome group compared with the chronic coronary syndrome and healthy group, although a significantly lower alpha diversity was observed in the chronic coronary syndrome compared to acute coronary syndrome and healthy group, and beta diversity analysis demonstrated a major separation among three groups. Herein, we also found significantly distinct Proteobacteria in acute coronary syndrome patients, which suggests that the proteobacteria might play an important role in the onset of the coronary syndrome 21 . Meanwhile, previously Amar et al reported that an increased Proteobacteria population in CVDs correlated with major factors like age, blood pressure, fibrinogen, and alanine aminotransferase levels 48 .…”

“…Herein, we also found significantly distinct Proteobacteria in acute coronary syndrome patients, which suggests that the proteobacteria might play an important role in the onset of the coronary syndrome. 21 Meanwhile, previously Amar et al reported that an increased Proteobacteria population in CVDs correlated with major factors like age, blood pressure, fibrinogen, and alanine aminotransferase levels. 48 Also, recently several blood microbiota studies found an increased level of Proteobacteria in different chronic diseases.…”

“…Blood microorganisms were once thought to indicate infection 21 . However, a rising body of evidence suggests that we should re‐evaluate blood sterility and embrace a normal microbiome in recent years 35 .…”

“…Blood microorganisms were once thought to indicate infection. 21 However, a rising body of evidence suggests that we should re‐evaluate blood sterility and embrace a normal microbiome in recent years. 35 Thanks to technological advancements and the spread of novel techniques for analyzing the microbiota, such as 16 S rRNA sequencing and metagenome sequencing, recent studies have focused on the identification of bacteria that may be implicated in the genesis of endotoxemia and the development of metabolic disorders.…”

“…During the last 2 years, numerous studies have been published on blood microbial composition and its association with human health and diseases. For instance, several recent studies demonstrated a significant role of the tissue microbiome in the onset of cancer, 13 other diseases, 14 pre‐diabetic and type 2 diabetic patients, 15 COVID‐19, 16 metabolic diseases, 17 portal hypertension, 18 polycystic ovary syndrome, 19 myocardial infarction, 20 acute coronary syndrome, and chronic coronary syndrome 21 . Moreover, microbial metabolites present in the gut include amino acid derivatives, hormones, short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), vitamins, and antioxidants 22 .…”