Analysis of water yield service of Lianshui River Basin in China based on ecosystem services flow model

Abstract

Water security assessment is very important to social development. However, most studies only focus on the status quo of water security in a static state and ignore the flow characteristics of water resources into the water security assessment. This paper integrates multi-source data to construct a water supply and service supply-demand balance and spatial flow model in the Lianshui River Basin, simulates the spatial pattern of the service flow of the aquatic water ecosystem in the Lianshui River Basin from 1990 to 2018, and quantifies the service flow. Results show that (1) From 1990 to 2018, the water supply in the Lianshui River Basin first decreased, then increased, and finally decreased. Water yield was the highest in 2010 and lowest in 2000. (2) Water demand increased year by year, and the amount of area with a poor water resource security index increased, indicating that water security was deteriorating. (3) The four main beneficiary areas in the basin are the urban area of Lianyuan City, the county seat of Shuangfeng County, the Louxing District of Loudi City, and the urban area of Xiangxiang City and nearby towns. The service flow showed the same changing trend as the water yield. In 2018, the water resource gap in the beneficiary area was as high as 4.49 billion m3. Local governments should actively build a water-saving society, improve the efficiency of industrial and agricultural water-saving and residents' awareness of water-saving, and improve the water resources in the river basin. The research can provide a scientific basis for realizing the sustainable development of water resources in the Lianshui River Basin and improving the ecological compensation mechanism, and can also provide references for water resources management in other river basins.

Spatiotemporal Variation and Driving Factors of Water Supply Services in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China Based on Supply-Demand Balance

“…This indicates that the surplus and shortage of WSSs depend on not only the natural geographic conditions but that a large part of it is related to the region's economic development pattern and condition. Meanwhile, compared with other regions, such as the Lianshui basin [62] and Shiyang River basin [61], the absolute values of FSI in all districts and counties in the TGRA from 2005 to 2018 were less than 1. The average value of multiyear FSI was close to 0, indicating that the administrative units in the TGRA are relatively balanced in terms of supply and demand for WSSs and match the abundant watershed resources and rapidly developing eco-society in the TGRA.…”

Spatial-Temporal Changes in Water Supply and Demand in the Citarum Watershed, West Java, Indonesia Using a Geospatial Approach

“…We utilized mismatches among WS and WD, which could signify conflicts between supply and demand, measured by the ratio (S:D) of WS (S) to WD (D). The relationship between WS and WD can also be calculated based on the Water Security Index (WSI) [48,49] using equation:…”

“…A beneficiary area is a sub-catchment that cannot meet the real water demand with its water supply and must be supplemented by an upstream sub-catchment; conversely, a water supply area is designated. The agricultural water, industrial water, home water (rural and urban people), and livestock water were the key components of the water demand service model [49].…”

The contributions of climate and land use/cover changes to water yield services considering geographic scale

“…At the spatial scale, single-scale observations may miss or distort the interactions between different factors and water yield services, highlighting the importance of multiscale analyses [ 30 ]. Identifying water yield services at various spatial scales is vital for regional sustainable management [ 31 , 32 ], as water yield services may display different states at different spatial scales [ 33 ].…”