Analysis, simulation, and experimental verification of split‐ring resonator

Ejaz, Tahir; Rahman, Hamood Ur; Zaidi, Tahir; Tauqeer, Tauseef; Shah, Syed Afaq Ali

doi:10.1002/mop.29344

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Measured and calculated values of resonant frequency and Q factor were 2.6974 GHz and 2312.82 against 2.55 GHz and 2818, respectively. This difference is attributed to factors as mentioned in earlier works [35].…”

Section: Fabrication Experimentation and Mathematical Modelling For mentioning

confidence: 75%

“…This structure had a square cross-sectional area. Copper was used for the resonator while shield was designed using aluminum [35,36]. Variation analysis [36] was performed, using the algorithm, to study the effect on output parameters with changes in SRR geometry.…”

Section: Designing Of Improved Split-ring Resonatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An SRR structure was fabricated with dimensions as mentioned in Table 1. SRR was fabricated with copper while aluminum was used for shield [35,36]. Resonator gap was kept at 2 mm to accommodate Marienfeld cat.…”

Section: Fabrication Experimentation and Mathematical Modelling For mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Volume Fraction Extraction for Binary Mixture of Ethanol and Methanol Using Optimized Microwave Microfluidic Sensor

Ejaz¹,

Sami²,

Mughal³

et al. 2019

PIER M

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An optimized microfluidic sensor for extracting volume ratio of binary mixture comprising of ethanol and methanol using electrical resonance technique has been presented in this work. In order to detect small changes in composition of binary mixture, a split-ring resonator structure with enhanced sensitivity was designed to operate around 2.5 GHz. A resonator was designed using HFSS, which possessed enhanced sensitivity. A novel algorithm for optimization was devised for binary mixture of the two liquids. The resonator was fabricated and tested for validation of results. Samples of ethanol and methanol mixture in different volume ratios were prepared and filled in micro-capillary tubes. These tubes were placed inside the resonant structure to perturb electric field. Variations in resonant properties due to change in volume ratio of liquid mixtures were analyzed. Resonant frequency, s-parameters, and quality factor of structure were measured. It was observed that change in volume fraction as small as 1/100 resulted a shift of 0.25 MHz in resonant frequency (relatively high level of sensitivity). Measured results were utilized by mathematical model to compute volume fraction of liquid in these mixtures.

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Section: Fabrication Experimentation and Mathematical Modelling For mentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Designing Of Improved Split-ring Resonatormentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Volume Fraction Extraction for Binary Mixture of Ethanol and Methanol Using Optimized Microwave Microfluidic Sensor

Ejaz¹,

Sami²,

Mughal³

et al. 2019

PIER M

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Inaccurate values obtained through these models may lead to incorrect design and a wastage of time and effort. Simulation results are also not accurate as mentioned in earlier work [22]. The difference in the two values is mainly due to changes in material properties during machining work, small inaccuracies in fabrication, besides other reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Metaheuristic Regression Equations for Split-Ring Resonator Using Time-Varying Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

et al. 2018

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This article presents a new technique for determining accurate values of resonant frequency and quality factor pertaining to the split-ring resonator. Different conducting shield materials have been used around a copper split-ring. The split-ring has been designed to operate at about 2.1 GHz. Various equations were worked out earlier to determine the values of resonant frequency and quality factor. However, these equations yielded different solutions. Therefore, simulations were used to obtain the values of the resonant frequency and quality factor of the split-ring resonator with different five-shield materials, using High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software. In this work, a novel method has been introduced for obtaining values of resonant frequency which provides results with negligible error. An optimal technique, namely time-varying particle swarm optimization (TVPSO), was then performed to obtain two sets of equations for resonant frequency and quality factor. The two sets of equations, optimized using TVPSO, were compared for their effectiveness in matching the actual frequency and quality factor for each of the five materials. It was found that the TVPSO was significant in achieving the frequency and quality factor regression equation to accurately resemble the actual values portrayed by the low mean absolute error.

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“…This work focuses on analyzing effects of these parameters of shield on resonant frequency and factor of SRR structure. Analysis of these effects was used to design shield around SRR to yield optimized factor [15,16]. Regression equations were also formulated through statistical analysis to determine dependence of resonant frequency and factor on shield parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shield Optimization and Formulation of Regression Equations for Split-Ring Resonator

Ejaz

Rahman²,

Tauqeer³

et al. 2016

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Microwave resonators are widely used for numerous applications including communication, biomedical and chemical applications, material testing, and food grading. Split-ring resonators in both planar and nonplanar forms are a simple structure which has been in use for several decades. This type of resonator is characterized with low cost, ease of fabrication, moderate quality factor, low external noise interference, high stability, and so forth. Due to these attractive features and ease in handling, nonplanar form of structure has been utilized for material characterization in 1-5 GHz range. Resonant frequency and quality factor are two important parameters for determination of material properties utilizing perturbation theory. Shield made of conducting material is utilized to enclose split-ring resonator which enhances quality factor. This work presents a novel technique to develop shield around a predesigned nonplanar split-ring resonator to yield optimized quality factor. Based on this technique and statistical analysis regression equations have also been formulated for resonant frequency and quality factor which is a major outcome of this work. These equations quantify dependence of output parameters on various factors of shield made of different materials. Such analysis is instrumental in development of devices/designs where improved/optimum result is required.

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Analysis, simulation, and experimental verification of split‐ring resonator

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Volume Fraction Extraction for Binary Mixture of Ethanol and Methanol Using Optimized Microwave Microfluidic Sensor

Volume Fraction Extraction for Binary Mixture of Ethanol and Methanol Using Optimized Microwave Microfluidic Sensor

Metaheuristic Regression Equations for Split-Ring Resonator Using Time-Varying Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Shield Optimization and Formulation of Regression Equations for Split-Ring Resonator

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