“…If there is no defect in the material, most magnetic flux lines will pass through the inside of the ferromagnetic material; if not, because the magnetic permeability of the defect site is much smaller than that of the ferromagnetic material itself, magnetic resistance will increase in the defect area, so the magnetic field in the region is distorted. Magnetic flux lines will be bent, some will leak out of the material surface, and a magnetic leakage field will form at the defect area [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. By using magnetic sensitive sensors to detect the magnetic leakage field, the corresponding electrical signals can be obtained.…”