Analytical modelling of 3-3 piezoelectric composites

Fabrication, modelling and use of porous ceramics for ultrasonic transducer applications

“…Again, the decrease of the Young's modulus of the pore phase allows to increase the effective parameters and the maximum Table 6 Elastic, piezoelectric and dielectric characteristics of dense-soft PZT. values are always shifted towards a higher porosity volume fraction [34,43]. These results show that the configurations chosen here, the 3-0 connectivity delivers higher performance than the 3-3 connectivity.…”

“…5). In this way, large varieties of connectivities are possible and in particular the 3-3 connectivity [32][33][34]. For the 3-0 connectivity [35], the cubic shape inhomogeneity in a corner is isolated (closed porosity) and characterised by the dimension parameter b.…”

Network Modelling of 3-3 Piezocomposite Materials

“…Due to the rapid decrease in d 31 and slow decrease in d 33 , there is an increase in d h compared to the dense material (Fig. 3); as earlier papers have shown in depth [1,9,12]. For example, for a PZT-air composite the d 33 at ∼20% PZT is large while d 31 has significantly reduced (Fig.…”

“…1-3 composites [1,2]), however, there has been less research into 3-3 composites than other areas. Banno [8] derived models for 3-0 and 3-3 connectivity that used a single unit cell and single pore with 4 divisions based on the biphasic composite microstructure of Rittenmyer et al [9], with theoretical findings not fully matching experimental results.…”

“…The applications of high density lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic can occasionally be limited, for example when used as a sensor of low frequency hydrostatic waves in SONAR applications [1][2][3]. Research into this field has established that porous piezoelectric composite devices with a low-density and high porosity, can provide improved hydrostatic properties and high figures of merit [2].…”