Analytical strategies for controlling polysorbate-based nanomicelles in fruit juice

Abstract

This study focused on the detection and quantification of organic micelle-type nanoparticles (NPs) with polysorbate components (polysorbate 20 and polysorbate 80) in their micelle shells that could be used to load biologically active compounds into fruit juice. Several advanced analytical techniques were applied in the stepwise method development strategy used. In the first phase, a system consisting of ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography employing a size exclusion column coupled with an evaporative light scattering detector (UHPLC-SEC-ELSD) was used for the fractionation of micelle assemblies from other, lower molecular weight sample components. The limit of detection (LoD) of these polysorbate micelles in spiked apple juice was 500 μg mL(-1). After this screening step, mass spectrometric (MS) detection was utilized to confirm the presence of polysorbates in the detected micelles. Two alternative MS techniques were tested: (i) ambient high-resolution mass spectrometry employing a direct analysis in real time ion source coupled with an Orbitrap MS analyzer (DART-Orbitrap MS) enabled fast and simple detection of the polysorbates present in the samples, with a lowest calibration level (LCL) of 1000 μg mL(-1); (ii) ultrahigh-performance reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRTOF-MS) provided highly selective and sensitive detection and quantification of polysorbates with an LCL of 0.5 μg mL(-1).

Nanomicellar Formulation of Clotrimazole Improves Its Antitumor Action toward Human Breast Cancer Cells

“…The formed system presents a nanoscale size (~17-nm diameter) that is not altered by the presence of absence of CTZ. This is a strong indicator that the nanomicelles formed in the presence of CTZ are stable [ 38 ]. Indeed, we evaluated the size of these nanomicelles immediately after their preparation and after up to 24 hours at room temperature, and no structural alterations were detected (data not shown).…”

Applications of DART‐MS for food quality and safety assurance in food supply chain

“…The potential of DART coupled to TOF‐MS without pretreatment was verified through fast analyzing various additives including antimicrobial preservatives (benzoate, sorbic acid), artificial sweeteners (aspartame, acesulphame K), acidulants (citric acid), and non‐artificial compositions, for example, saccharides (hexose, disaccharide) and vitamins (ascorbic acid) (Cajka et al, ). The presence of polysorbate‐based nanomicelles (i.e., polysorbate 20/80, typically used in micelle shells) loading biologically active compounds (e.g., tocopherol acetate) were also confirmed by DART‐orbitrap‐MS, leading to a LCL of 1,000 µg mL −1 (Krtkova et al, ).…”

Direct Analysis Mass Spectrometry

“…Six phytohormones were analyzed simultaneously using a DART ion source and single drop liquid-liquid microextraction in three different kinds of freshly prepared fruit juice in less than 30 min [183]. Another study on fruit juice using a DART ion source also demonstrated high-throughput screening and detection of polysorbate 20/80 micelles in apple juice [184]. A DART ionization source coupled with a high-resolution mass spectrometer was used for screening aflatoxins from different surfaces [185].…”