Anatomic basis of the distally based venocutaneous flap on the medial plantar artery of the hallux with medial plantar vein and nutrient vessels: a cadaveric dissection

Abstract

Reliable venocutaneous flap with medial plantar vein and nutrient vessel flaps can be raised based solely on the perforator of the medial plantar artery of the hallux. This flap should be considered as a preferential way to reconstruct soft-tissue defects of the forefoot.

Anatomical basis and design of the distally based lateral dorsal cutaneous neuro-lateral plantar venofasciocutaneous flap pedicled with the lateral plantar artery perforator of the fifth metatarsal bone: a cadaveric dissection

“…Preliminary research has provided detailed descriptions of the vasculature of the medial and lateral aspect of the foot (i.e., the anatomical basis for harvest of flaps from the vasculature) [22,25,28]. Moreover, research has been conducted on the anatomical basis of the reverse lateral plantar artery perforator flap design [11].…”

“…A systematic study has been conducted on anatomic theory on distal-based venocutaneous flap on the medial plantar artery of the hallux with medial plantar vein and nutrient vessels [22,25,28]. The focus was on the prevalence of the perforator vessels of the lateral plantar artery of the hallux and the vascular connections among the perforator and nutrient vessels of the medial plantar cutaneous nerve and medial plantar vein, which allowed medium-sized distal-based lateral plantar island flaps to be raised.…”

Anatomic basis and clinical application of the distally based medialis pedis flaps

“…However, there are few reports on the spatial relationship between the medial dorsal cutaneous nerve and the medial plantar vein, which is also very important for flap harvesting during surgery. Therefore, we identified the anatomy of the medial dorsal cutaneous nerve and medial plantar vein in the preliminary study [50].…”

“…Furthermore, we have reported our research about the anatomical basis and design of the distally based venocutaneous flap on the medial plantar artery of the hallux with medial plantar vein and nutrient vessels [50].…”

Anatomical Basis of the Intermediate Dorsal Pedal Neurocutaneous Perforator Pedicled Propeller Flap: A Cadaveric Dissection

“…The anatomy of the forefoot and the limited local flap options within this poorly vascularized, relatively tight‐skinned and imbalanced region of bony prominence explain why defects of the foot dorsum are difficult to cover appropriately, as reported by Song et al (). Several reconstructive flap options have been described and effectively used to offer soft tissue coverage of foot defects (Li et al, ; Wu et al, ; Wang et al, ). However, the results remain debatable as the mechanical forces the foot is expected to sustain make the clinical outcome of flaps suboptimal (Reiffel and McCarthy, ; Yoshimura et al, ; Amarante et al, ).…”