Anatomical and Eco-Physiological Changes in Leaves of Couch-Grass (Elymus repens L.), a Temperate Loess Grassland Species, after 7 Years Growth Under Elevated CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Concentration

Engloner, Attila; Kovács, D.; Balogh, János; Tuba, Zoltán

doi:10.1023/b:phot.0000011950.80843.79

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These results also show that Aster , at least for the duration of this study, does not acclimate to elevated CO 2 like many other plants ( Urban, 2003 ; Long et al , 2004 ). Acclimation depends on the source–sink ratio within the plant and will often be alleviated if carbon sinks are enlarged under elevated CO 2 concentration ( Engloner et al , 2003 ; Ainsworth and Rogers, 2007 ); since the salt-treated Aster plants invest in energy-dependent salinity tolerance mechanisms (see below) and thus enlarge their C sinks, it is not surprising that they do not show any acclimation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ameliorates effects of NaCl salinity on photosynthesis and leaf structure of Aster tripolium L.

Geißler

Hussin

Koyro

2008

Journal of Experimental Botany

106

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This study investigated the interaction of NaCl-salinity and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on gas exchange, leaf pigment composition, and leaf ultrastructure of the potential cash crop halophyte Aster tripolium. The plants were irrigated with five different salinity levels (0, 25, 50, 75, 100% seawater salinity) under ambient and elevated (520 ppm) CO2. Under saline conditions (ambient CO2) stomatal and mesophyll resistance increased, leading to a significant decrease in photosynthesis and water use efficiency (WUE) and to an increase in oxidative stress. The latter was indicated by dilations of the thylakoid membranes and an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Oxidative stress could be counteracted by thicker epidermal cell walls of the leaves, a thicker cuticle, a reduced chlorophyll content, an increase in the chlorophyll a/b ratio and a transient decline of the photosynthetic efficiency. Elevated CO2 led to a significant increase in photosynthesis and WUE. The improved water and energy supply was used to increase the investment in mechanisms reducing water loss and oxidative stress (thicker cell walls and cuticles, a higher chlorophyll and carotenoid content, higher SOD activity), resulting in more intact thylakoids. As these mechanisms can improve survival under salinity, A. tripolium seems to be a promising cash crop halophyte which can help in desalinizing and reclaiming degraded land.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ameliorates effects of NaCl salinity on photosynthesis and leaf structure of Aster tripolium L.

Geißler

Hussin

Koyro

2008

Journal of Experimental Botany

106

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“…In Olea europea (L.), drought decreased leaf cell size and density, as well as the number of leaf scales (Bosabalidis & Kofidis, 2002). The grass, Elymus repens (L.), increased leaf thickness following long‐term exposure to elevated CO 2 and there was also an increase in sclerenchymatous tissue between the vascular bundles (Engloner et al , 2003). All these changes in leaf anatomy and structure may potentially affect the ability of phloem feeding insects to locate the sieve element.…”

Section: Will Drought or Elevated Co2 Affect Sieve Element Localizatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the plant‐mediated impacts on aphids of elevated CO₂ and drought be predicted?

Pritchard

Griffiths

Hunt

2007

Global Change Biology

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The effects of drought and elevated CO 2 on the performance of sap-feeding aphids is considered. It is assumed that, for these stressors, the major influence will act through altering host plant composition and therefore diet. Changes in the plant may affect the ability to locate phloem tissues, while changes in composition of the sieve element forming the aphid diet may have more direct effects. It is concluded that plant response to conditions where carbon is present in excess (elevated CO 2 ) or its consumption is exceeded by its availability (drought) is heterogeneous at the cellular level. The complexities of the response of the plant to components of climate change are paralleled by the diversity of the responses of aphids to drought and elevated CO 2 . Potential control points are discussed and it is concluded that current knowledge, both descriptive and mechanistic, supports the view that it is unreasonable to expect that a single plant component can predict the general response of aphids to climate change. Instead, it is more likely that aphids use a variety of cues when interacting with their host plants, and individual species respond to changes in their diet differently. Further work examining the response of both plant and aphid transcriptome and metabolome will support or contradict this hypothesis.

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“…Elevated CO 2 has been observed to stimulate cell division Kinsman et al ;Masle 2000;Ferris et al 2001) and cell expansion Taylor et al 1994;Masle 2000;Ferris et al 2001), and to result in thicker leaves (Yin 2002) with higher numbers of cells or cell layers and/or larger cells (Radoglou & Jarvis 1992;Masle 2000). Alterations in relative volumes occupied by intercellular air spaces (Masle 2000;Oksanen et al 2001), palisade and spongy mesophyll and vascular elements (Pritchard et al 1997;Lin et al 2001;Oksanen et al 2001;Engloner et al 2003) have also occurred at elevated CO 2 . Anatomical changes in the mesophyll and vascular elements are likely to affect gas exchange by altering resistance for CO 2 diffusion, to influence water transport and to affect assimilate transport and thus the capacity to exploit extra carbon produced at elevated CO 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stomatal density, anatomy and nutrient concentrations of Scots pine needles are affected by elevated CO₂ and temperature

Luomala

Laitinen

Sutinen

et al. 2005

Plant Cell & Environment

143

124

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), at elevated temperature (ambient + 2·8-6·2 ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ C depending on the time of the year) and in a combination of elevated CO 2 and temperature in closed-top chambers. The treatments were started in August 1996. At elevated temperature, the needles that were grown in the first year (i.e. the 1997 cohort) were thinner, had thinner mesophyll in the abaxial side, thinner vascular cylinder and lower stomatal density than those grown at ambient temperature. The proportion of mesophyll area occupied by vascular cylinder or intercellular spaces were not changed. Lower stomatal density apparently did not lead to decreased use of water, as these needles had higher concentrations of less mobile nutrients (Ca, Mg, B, Zn and Mn), which could indicate increased total transpiration. In the 1997 and 1998 cohorts, elevation of temperature decreased concentrations of N, P, K, S and Cu. In the 1999 cohort, contradictory, higher concentrations of N and S at elevated temperature may be related to increased nutrient mineralization in the soil. Elevation of CO 2 did not affect stomatal density, needle thickness, thickness of epidermis or hypodermis, vascular cylinder or intercellular spaces. Concentrations of N, P, S and Cu decreased at elevated CO 2 . Reductions were transient and most distinct in the 1997 cohort. The effects of CO 2 and temperature were in some cases interactive, which meant that in the combined treatment stomatal density decreased less than at elevated temperature, and concentrations of nutrients decreased less than expected on the basis of separate treatments, whereas the thickness of the epidermis and hypodermis decreased more than in the separate treatments. In conclusion, alterations in the anatomy and stomatal density of Scots pine needles were more distinct at elevated temperature than at elevated CO 2 . Both elevated CO 2 and temperature-induced changes in nutrient concentrations that partly corresponded to the biochemical and photosynthetic alterations in the same cohorts (

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Anatomical and Eco-Physiological Changes in Leaves of Couch-Grass (Elymus repens L.), a Temperate Loess Grassland Species, after 7 Years Growth Under Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> Concentration

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ameliorates effects of NaCl salinity on photosynthesis and leaf structure of Aster tripolium L.

Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ameliorates effects of NaCl salinity on photosynthesis and leaf structure of Aster tripolium L.

Can the plant‐mediated impacts on aphids of elevated CO₂ and drought be predicted?

Stomatal density, anatomy and nutrient concentrations of Scots pine needles are affected by elevated CO₂ and temperature

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Anatomical and Eco-Physiological Changes in Leaves of Couch-Grass (Elymus repens L.), a Temperate Loess Grassland Species, after 7 Years Growth Under Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> Concentration

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ameliorates effects of NaCl salinity on photosynthesis and leaf structure of Aster tripolium L.

Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ameliorates effects of NaCl salinity on photosynthesis and leaf structure of Aster tripolium L.

Can the plant‐mediated impacts on aphids of elevated CO2 and drought be predicted?

Stomatal density, anatomy and nutrient concentrations of Scots pine needles are affected by elevated CO2 and temperature

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Can the plant‐mediated impacts on aphids of elevated CO₂ and drought be predicted?

Stomatal density, anatomy and nutrient concentrations of Scots pine needles are affected by elevated CO₂ and temperature