Androgenetic response of sunflower indifferent culture environments

Abstract

Production of microspore-derived embryos from cultured anthers is now a well-established technique for the isolation of homozygous lines in sunflower. Experiment was conducted to optimize the culture composition for wild Helianthus and inerspecific hybrids. Anthers of uninucleate microspores were cultured in basal MS media with different hormonal combinations. The induction of callus was quick and proliferation high with the presence of 2,4-D, low cytokinin and auxin contents. Excess cytokinin and auxin had no significance in callus induction. Regeneration potential increased with the increased/optimum amount of casein hydrolysate and benzyl amino purine. Kinetin had no specific influence of regeneration frequency of callus. Genotype had a significant effect on the capacity of callus induction and plantlet formation. H.annuus × H.tuberosus responded well and produced plantlets in optimum culture medium. Androgenesis of interspecific hybrid H.annuus × H.tuberosus formed plantlets that surpassed the embryoid stage.

The Production of Helianthus Haploids: A Review of Its Current Status and Future Prospects

“…The doubled haploids of sunflower can be produced in vitro from an anther culture by direct embryogenesis [ 9 , 17 , 38 , 39 ], indirect embryogenesis [ 13 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ], or indirect shoot organogenesis [ 10 , 17 , 38 , 40 , 44 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ] ( Figure 1 ). Several independent research groups have reported the formation of callus tissue from anther culture without any subsequent morphogenic response ( Table 1 and Table 2 ) [ 9 , 17 , 30 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 53 ].…”

“…The time interval from the beginning of anther culture to callus tissue formation and the subsequent organogenesis or embryogenesis varies considerably. In particular, callus is formed in vitro on days 5–10, depending on the genotype [ 40 , 42 , 51 ], on days 10–15 [ 45 , 54 ], on days 15–20 [ 14 , 52 ], and after 4 weeks of cultivation [ 41 , 44 ]. Indirect shoot organogenesis or embryogenesis is observable after 4 weeks of culture [ 10 ] and later, after 80–100 days [ 52 ] or 120 days [ 51 ].…”

“…The donor sunflower plants used to produce anthers are grown under both field [ 9 , 13 , 42 , 44 , 49 ] and greenhouse [ 40 , 41 ] conditions. Miladinovic et al [ 66 ] showed that the earlier sowing of sunflower plants under field conditions makes the anthers more responsive.…”

“…Several morphological traits are distinguished when selecting inflorescences and anthers with microspores in certain developmental stages. In particular, a morphological characteristic is the size of the capitulum, which varies from 0.5 to 5 cm depending on the sunflower genotype [ 40 , 50 ]. Another important characteristic is the light yellow [ 50 ], cream [ 40 ], or light green [ 13 ] coloring of the anthers.…”

“…In particular, a morphological characteristic is the size of the capitulum, which varies from 0.5 to 5 cm depending on the sunflower genotype [ 40 , 50 ]. Another important characteristic is the light yellow [ 50 ], cream [ 40 ], or light green [ 13 ] coloring of the anthers. Several researchers [ 43 , 53 ] have proposed selecting sunflower inflorescences at the R-5.1 stage of development, according to the classification by Schneiter and Miller [ 67 ].…”