“…Deep neural networks (DNNs) are widely used in various fields due to their powerful performance: autonomous driving, speech recognition, anomaly detection, infrared target detection, EEG signal analysis, malware detection, etc. In recent years, DNNs have been widely used in the field of image classification due to their ability to reduce the workload of doctors, reduce the error rate, and improve the efficiency of detection [1,2,3,4,5,6]. DNNs have evolved to produce a wide range of network models, and their performance has been gradually optimized to outperform the original for specific domains.…”