Animal Models of Drug Addiction

Belin, David; Belin, David

doi:10.5772/52079

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 239 publications

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“…Despite the convergent set of results between this model and the aforementioned 3 criteria model that solely addresses compulsive intake, it is important to note that the punishment protocols are highly different: while the former is a probabilistic punishment, the latter is a procedure whereby animals have to go through at least two shock presentations before receiving each cocaine infusion [34]. Thus, whereas one procedure may rely on risk/benefit processes allowing the animal to gamble, the other offers no unpunished access to cocaine.…”

Section: Instrumental and Pavlovian Mechanisms Subserving Drug Use: Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Preclinical Models Evolved to Resemble the Diagnostic Criteria of Drug Addiction

Belin

Fouyssac

Bonci

et al. 2016

Biological Psychiatry

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110

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Drug addiction is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder that affects a subset of the individuals who take drugs. It is characterized by maladaptive drug-seeking habits that are maintained despite adverse consequences and intense drug craving. Despite extensive research, the pathophysiology and aetiology of addiction is only partially understood, due to the gap between current preclinical models of addiction and the clinical criteria of the disorder. Here we give a brief overview, based on selected methodologies, of how behavioral models have evolved over the last fifty years to the development of recent preclinical models of addiction that more closely mimic diagnostic criteria of addiction. These new models will hopefully increase our understanding of the complex neurobiological mechanisms whereby some individuals switch from controlled drug use to compulsive drug-seeking habits and relapse to these maladaptive habits. Additional, by paving the way to bridge the gap that exists between biobehavioral research on addiction and the human situation, these models may provide new perspectives for the development of novel and effective therapeutic strategies for drug addiction.

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Section: Instrumental and Pavlovian Mechanisms Subserving Drug Use: Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this review, we provide an overview of how preclinical models have evolved from Pavlovian and instrumental mechanisms of drug reinforcement to recent models of addiction (for a more exhaustive discussion see [20, 32-34]). We will discuss the psychological processes on which each model stems, thereby defining their interest and limits.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

How Preclinical Models Evolved to Resemble the Diagnostic Criteria of Drug Addiction

Belin

Fouyssac

Bonci

et al. 2016

Biological Psychiatry

Self Cite

110

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“…As a result, animal experimental approaches to addiction have increasingly become more sophisticated in recent years to more accurately reflect ‘real world’ compulsive drug use beyond simple reinforcement mechanisms (Belin & Everitt ; Belin et al , , ; Belin‐Rauscent et al ; Deroche‐Gamonet et al ; Kasanetz et al , ; Pelloux et al ; Vanderschuren & Everitt ). These approaches enable well‐controlled, within‐subject, longitudinal studies to be carried out with high construct and predictive validity (Belin‐Rauscent & Belin ; Geyer et al ) ultimately to investigate biological and genetic mechanisms underlying drug‐prone behavioral traits and constructs. Here, we survey the discoveries made using these clinically informed approaches, future research directions and the translational relevance of this work for human addiction.…”

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confidence: 99%

In search of predictive endophenotypes in addiction: insights from preclinical research

Belin

Everitt

et al. 2015

Genes Brain and Behavior

136

103

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Drug addiction is widely recognized to afflict some but not all individuals by virtue of underlying risk markers and traits involving multifaceted interactions between polygenic and external factors. Remarkably, only a small proportion of individuals exposed to licit and illicit drugs develop compulsive drug-seeking behavior, maintained in the face of adverse consequences and associated detrimental patterns of drug intake involving extended and repeated bouts of binge intoxication, withdrawal and relapse. As a consequence, research has increasingly endeavored to identify distinctive neurobehavioral mechanisms and endophenotypes that predispose individuals to compulsive drug use. However, research in active drug users is hampered by the difficulty in categorizing putatively causal behavioral traits prior to the initiation of drug use. By contrast, research in experimental animals is often hindered by the validity of approaches used to investigate the neural and psychological mechanisms of compulsive drug-seeking habits in humans. Herein, we survey and discuss the principal findings emanating from preclinical animal research on addiction and highlight how specific behavioral endophenotypes of presumed genetic origin (e.g. trait anxiety, novelty preference and impulsivity) differentially contribute to compulsive forms of drug seeking and taking and, in particular, how these differentiate between different classes of stimulant and non-stimulant drugs of abuse.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animal models have been previously validated and have played pivotal roles in preclinical research informing the neurobiological, psychopathological, behavioural and aetiological aspects underlying drug addiction and acute/chronic drug use . They have long been used to inform on the various phases of drug addiction including drug self‐administration patterns, behavioural criteria that define vulnerability to drug abuse, conditioned place preference, craving and relapse, escalation of drug‐taking, impulsivity, continued drug‐taking despite adverse drug reactions, physical dependence and other neuropsychopathological aspects, which lead from a voluntary drug‐taking to compulsive behaviours . Furthermore, preclinical studies have contributed to understanding the toxicity spectrum associated with some traditional drugs of abuse including knowledge of neurotoxic effects seen with amphetamines and MDMA, as well as non‐neurological toxic effects such as MDMA‐induced heart‐valve issues and bladder problems associated with ketamine use…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How preclinical studies have influenced novel psychoactive substance legislation in the UK and Europe

Santos-Toscano

Guirguis

Davidson

2020

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are new drugs of abuse. Over the last 10 years 50–100 new NPS have been detected for the first time each year. This has led to numerous deaths and challenges to healthcare providers and law‐makers worldwide. We review preclinical studies of NPS and discuss how these studies have influenced legislative decisions. We focus on the UK legal system but include experiences from Europe. We reviewed manuscripts from 2008–2019 and have summarised the in vitro and in vivo data on NPS, highlighting how these studies define pharmacological mechanisms and how they might predict harm in humans. We found that only a small percentage of NPS have been examined in preclinical studies. Most preclinical studies of NPS focus on basic pharmacological mechanisms (46% of studies reviewed) and/or addictive liability (32%) rather than toxicity and harm (24%). Very few preclinical studies into NPS include data from chronic dosing schedules (9%) or female rodents (4%). We conclude that preclinical studies can predict harm to humans, but most of the predictions are based on basic pharmacology rather than demonstrated toxicity. Some of these studies have been used to make changes to the law in the UK and Europe and perhaps, because of the paucity of toxicology data, most NPS have been placed in the highly dangerous schedule 1 or Class A category in the UK. We suggest that in silico studies and high throughput toxicology screens might be the most economical way forward to rapidly screen the health harms of NPS.

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Animal Models of Drug Addiction

Cited by 8 publications

References 239 publications

How Preclinical Models Evolved to Resemble the Diagnostic Criteria of Drug Addiction

How Preclinical Models Evolved to Resemble the Diagnostic Criteria of Drug Addiction

In search of predictive endophenotypes in addiction: insights from preclinical research

How preclinical studies have influenced novel psychoactive substance legislation in the UK and Europe

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