Annealing effects and degradation mechanism of NiFe/Cu GMR multilayers

Hecker, M.; Tietjen, D.; Wendrock, H.; Schneider, Claus M.; Cramer, N.; Małkiński, L.; Camley, R. E.; Celiński, Z.

doi:10.1016/s0304-8853(02)00147-6

Cited by 45 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…9 For example, interdiffusion between the multilayers and thermal roughening of the interfaces can degrade the properties of the GMR reading head. [10][11][12][13][14] Therefore, low-temperature short-time annealing is desired.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase transformation in sputter-deposited PdMn and PdPtMn thin films

Huang

Chang

2006

Journal of Applied Physics

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The phase transformations of PdMn and PdPtMn films were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry ͑DSC͒, x-ray diffraction ͑XRD͒, and transmission electron microscopy ͑TEM͒. The enthalpy for the fcc to L1 0 transformation in the PdMn and PdPtMn thin films has been measured by DSC as −5.4 and −7.6 kJ/ mol at., respectively. The fcc to L1 0 phase transformation was identified by XRD and TEM on as-deposited and annealed samples. The transition temperature for the PdPtMn is approximately 40°C lower than that for PdMn. PdPtMn thin films have better corrosion resistance than PdMn.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase transformation in sputter-deposited PdMn and PdPtMn thin films

Huang

Chang

2006

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…3(a). Although the GMR signal was found to be very small 4,5 after such a heat treatment, we still find closed layers of practically the initial composition. The Ni and Cu atoms distribution of a Py 5nm / Cu 2nm /Py 2nm 5 /Cu 7nm specimen annealed at 350°C for 20 min and the corresponding concentration profile are presented in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…After a complex investigation of a Py 100 nm /Cu 200 nm /Py 100 nm trilayer, including resistance measurements, Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and laser-optical stress measurements, Brückner et al 7 conclude that interdiffusion over only short distances dominates the degradation of the GMR effect in Cu/NiFe multilayers at moderate temperatures. Hecker et al 5 have also investigated the annealing effects on a Py/Cu multilayer by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, measurements of transport properties, magneto-optical Kerr effect or ferromagnetic resonance and they concluded that the alloying tendency of Ni and Cu above 250°C determines the decay of the GMR and the change in the magnetic properties of the NiFe/Cu multilayers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal reaction and stability of NiFe/Cu thin films investigated by atom probe tomography

Ene¹,

Schmitz

Kirchheim³

et al. 2007

Surface & Interface Analysis

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NiFe/Cu multilayer stacks of 2 nm single layer thickness were deposited onto needle-shaped W tips by ion beam sputtering and analysed by atom probe tomography (TAP) after appropriate heat treatments. After annealing at 250°C for 30 min, no significant structural or chemical transformation of the initial layer system is detected, although such a heat treatment appreciably reduces the magneto resistivity. A slight decrease of the concentration slope at the interfaces is attributed to a very short-range interdiffusion. Clear grain boundary diffusion is observed after annealing at 400°C for 30 min. Further annealing at 500°C for 20 min and 40 min still preserves the layered structure with a homogeneous solution of Ni inside the Cu layers of up to 25 at.% Ni.

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“…The XRR patterns clearly showed that the bilayer sequence is stable up to an annealing temperature of 300 °C 10 . For higher annealing temperatures we observed degradation of the layered structure, which completely intermixed after annealing at 600 °C.…”

Section: Depending On the Individual Layer Thickness An Irreversiblementioning

confidence: 98%

“…2) indicated that a predominantly <111> texture was preserved during annealing. Even the texture sharpened during annealing, i.e., the half-width of the pole figure cuts decreased 10 . Up to 260 °C, the value of 47cMeff was nearly constant at 6.5 kG; this was followed by a rapid decrease to 5.6 kG at 330 °C.…”

Section: Depending On the Individual Layer Thickness An Irreversiblementioning

confidence: 99%