Annual emissions of CH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and N&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O, and ecosystem respiration, from eight organic soils in Western Denmark managed by agriculture

Petersen, Søren O.; Hoffmann, C. C.; Schäfer, C.; Blicher-Mathiesen, Gitte; Elsgaard, Lars; Kristensen, Kai; Larsen, Søren E.; Torp, Søren Bent; Greve, Mogens Humlekrog

doi:10.5194/bg-9-403-2012

Cited by 140 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The hotspot locations of N 2 O fluxes from cropland sites can be confirmed by measurements in the database from Denmark (Petersen et al, 2012), southern Finland and Germany. Observed N 2 O fluxes of up to 6.11 g N 2 O-N m −2 a −1 from soils with low pH between 4.0 and 5.5 support the model results.…”

Section: Evidencementioning

confidence: 56%

Nitrous oxide emission budgets and land-use-driven hotspots for organic soils in Europe

Leppelt¹,

Dechow²,

Gebbert³

et al. 2014

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Organic soils are a main source of direct emissions of nitrous oxide (N 2 O), an important greenhouse gas (GHG). Observed N 2 O emissions from organic soils are highly variable in space and time, which causes high uncertainties in national emission inventories. Those uncertainties could be reduced when relating the upscaling process to a priori-identified key drivers by using available N 2 O observations from plot scale in empirical approaches. We used the empirical fuzzy modelling approach MODE to identify main drivers for N 2 O and utilize them to predict the spatial emission pattern of European organic soils. We conducted a meta-study with a total amount of 659 annual N 2 O measurements, which was used to derive separate models for different land use types. We applied our models to available, spatially explicit input driver maps to upscale N 2 O emissions at European level and compared the inventory with recently published IPCC emission factors. The final statistical models explained up to 60 % of the N 2 O variance. Our study results showed that cropland and grasslands emitted the highest N 2 O fluxes 0.98 ± 1.08 and 0.58 ± 1.03 g N 2 O-N m −2 a −1 , respectively. High fluxes from cropland sites were mainly controlled by low soil pH value and deep-drained groundwater tables. Grassland hotspot emissions were strongly related to high amount of N-fertilizer inputs and warmer winter temperatures. In contrast, N 2 O fluxes from natural peatlands were predominantly low (0.07 ± 0.27 g N 2 O-N m −2 a −1 ) and we found no relationship with the tested drivers. The total inventory for direct N 2 O emissions from organic soils in Europe amount up to 149.5 Gg N 2 O-N a −1 , which also included fluxes from forest and peat extraction sites and ex- is induced by anthropogenic management, which shows the significant reduction potential by rewetting and extensification of agriculturally used peat soils.

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Section: Evidencementioning

confidence: 56%

Nitrous oxide emission budgets and land-use-driven hotspots for organic soils in Europe

Leppelt¹,

Dechow²,

Gebbert³

et al. 2014

Biogeosciences

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“…Drained peatlands and peat fires are responsible for almost one-quarter of C emissions from the land use sector with at least 2 Gigatonnes (Gt) of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emitted to the atmosphere globally each year (Parish et al, 2008;FAO, 2013a). In Europe, 20 % of all CO 2 emissions between 1990 and 2010 originated from drained organic soils (FAO, 2013b).…”

Section: F Renou-wilson Et Al: the Impacts Of Drainage Nutrient Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impacts of drainage, nutrient status and management practice on the full carbon balance of grasslands on organic soils in a maritime temperate zone

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Temperate grasslands on organic soils are diverse due to edaphic properties but also to regional management practices and this heterogeneity is reflected in the wide range of greenhouse gas (GHG) flux values reported in the literature. In Ireland, most grasslands on organic soils were drained several decades ago and are managed as extensive pastures with little or no fertilisation. This study describes a 2-year study of the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) of two such sites. We determined GHG fluxes and waterborne carbon (C) emissions in a nutrient-rich grassland and compared it with values measured from two nutrient-poor organic soils: a deep-drained and a shallow-drained site. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) fluxes were determined using the chamber technique, and fluvial C fluxes were estimated by combining drainage water concentrations and flows.The nutrient-rich site was an annual source of CO 2 (233 g C m −2 yr −1 ), CH 4 neutral, and a small source of N 2 O (0.16 g N 2 O-N m −2 yr −1 ). Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) at the shallow-drained nutrient-poor site was −89 and −99 g C m −2 yr −1 in Years 1 and 2 respectively, and NEE at the deep-drained nutrient-poor site was 85 and −26 g C m −2 yr −1 respectively. Low CH 4 emissions (1.3 g C m −2 yr −1 ) were recorded at the shallow-drained nutrient-poor site. Fluvial exports from the nutrient-rich site totalled 69.8 g C m −2 yr −1 with 54 % as dissolved organic C. Waterborne C losses from the nutrient-poor site reflected differences in annual runoff totalling 44 g C m −2 yr −1 in Year 1 and 30.8 g C m −2 yr −1 in Year 2.The NECB of the nutrient-rich grassland was 663 g C m −2 yr −1 with biomass exports being the major component accounting for 53 %. The NECB of the nutrient-poor deep-drained site was less than half of the nutrient-rich site (2-year mean 267 g C m −2 yr −1 ). Although NEE at the nutrient-poor shallow-drained site was negative in both years, high biomass export meant it was a net C source (2-year mean NECB 103 g C m −2 yr −1 ). While the impacts of the nutrient and drainage status on NEE, biomass exports and fluvial C losses were confirmed, inter-regional differences in management practice and climate were also significant factors which impacted on the overall NECB of these ecosystems. Contrary to expectation, the NECB of nutrient-poor drained organic soils under grasslands is not necessarily a large C source and this has implications for Ireland's choice of national GHG inventory reporting methodologies. This study can also aid the development of strategies to deliver reduced emissions tailored to local grassland types.

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“…Gas samples were analysed with an Agilent 7890 gas chromatograph connected to a CTC CombiPAL automatic sample injection system (Agilent, Naerum, Denmark). Fluxes were calculated using the HMR method (Pedersen et al, 2010) in the statistical software R version 3.0.2 (R Core Team, 2013) as non-linear increase in GHG concentration over time was often observed during the non-steady-state chamber measurements (Davidson et al, 2002;Petersen et al, 2012). Thus, according to the statistical HMR analysis, fluxes were calculated either by non-linear or linear models (Pedersen et al, 2010).…”

Section: Gas Measurements and Flux Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of reed canary grass cultivation on greenhouse gas emission from peat soil at controlled rewetting

2015

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Abstract. Cultivation of bioenergy crops in rewetted peatland (paludiculture) is considered as a possible land use option to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, bioenergy crops like reed canary grass (RCG) can have a complex influence on GHG fluxes. Here we determined the effect of RCG cultivation on GHG emission from peatland rewetted to various extents. Mesocosms were manipulated to three different ground water levels (GWLs), i.e. 0, −10 and −20 cm below the soil surface in a controlled semi-field facility. Emissions of CO 2 (ecosystem respiration, ER), CH 4 and N 2 O from mesocosms with RCG and bare soil were measured at weekly to fortnightly intervals with static chamber techniques for a period of 1 year. Cultivation of RCG increased both ER and CH 4 emissions, but decreased the N 2 O emissions. The presence of RCG gave rise to 69, 75 and 85 % of total ER at −20, −10 and 0 cm GWL, respectively. However, this difference was due to decreased soil respiration at the rising GWL as the plant-derived CO 2 flux was similar at all three GWLs. For methane, 70-95 % of the total emission was due to presence of RCG, with the highest contribution at −20 cm GWL. In contrast, cultivation of RCG decreased N 2 O emission by 33-86 % with the major reductions at −10 and −20 cm GWL. In terms of global warming potential, the increase in CH 4 emissions due to RCG cultivation was more than offset by the decrease in N 2 O emissions at −10 and −20 cm GWL; at 0 cm GWL the CH 4 emissions was offset only by 23 %. CO 2 emissions from ER were obviously the dominant RCG-derived GHG flux, but aboveground biomass yields, and preliminary measurements of gross photosynthetic production, showed that ER could be more than balanced due to the photosynthetic uptake of CO 2 by RCG. Our results support that RCG cultivation could be a good land use option in terms of mitigating GHG emission from rewetted peatlands, potentially turning these ecosystems into a sink of atmospheric CO 2 .

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Annual emissions of CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O, and ecosystem respiration, from eight organic soils in Western Denmark managed by agriculture

Cited by 140 publications

References 47 publications

Nitrous oxide emission budgets and land-use-driven hotspots for organic soils in Europe

Nitrous oxide emission budgets and land-use-driven hotspots for organic soils in Europe

The impacts of drainage, nutrient status and management practice on the full carbon balance of grasslands on organic soils in a maritime temperate zone

Effect of reed canary grass cultivation on greenhouse gas emission from peat soil at controlled rewetting

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